表面流人工湿地磷循环生态动力学模型及实现方法张军

··:2003-07-10:“”“”(:2002AA601023):　(1976-),,,2001,,。张　军,周　琪(,　200092)　　:人工湿地做为一种高效低耗的新型污水处理工艺日益为人们所关注,特别是表面流人工湿地所特有的区域生态效益和脱氮除磷效果,但其污染物去除的内在机制并不为人们所完全掌握。本文详细地介绍了表面流人工湿地磷循环生态动力学模型的设计思想、具体结构、数学模式和实现方法,并对生物生长、死亡和土壤作用模块的各种不同实现方法做了深入细致地分析探讨。结果表明人工湿地生态动力学模型由于假设歧义、实现方法不统一、模型参数测定手段的缺乏等因素的影响,导致其模拟结果的误差偏大,在表面流人工湿地多介质环境条件下多形态磷循环机理和多学科交叉研究方面还需要进行更深入、细致的工作,来对模型不断完善以推动对人工湿地污水处理工艺的完全掌握和科学应用。　　:;;:X703.1　　　　:A　　　　:1001-3644(2004)01-0088-04EcologicalKineticModelsandMethodsofPhosphorusCycleinFree-waterSurfaceConstructedWetlandsZHANGJun,ZHOUQi(StateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourcesReuse,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)Abstract:Constructedwetlands,alowcostandhighefficientwastewatertreatmentsystem,hasbeenrecognizedbypeopleforseveraldecades,especiallytheregionalecologicalbenefitandnutrientremovaloffree-watersurfaceconstructedwetlands(FWS),butitisnotyetcompletelyunderstood,andtheecologicalkineticmodelisagoodtooltogaindetailedinformationaboutthistechnology.Thediffer-entkindsofdesignmethods,detailedstructureandmathematicaltechniqueoftheecologicalkineticofphosphoruscycleinFWSarepre-sentedandcomparedinthispaper.Itshowsthatfurtherresearchesonthespatialandtemporaldataofdifferentphosphorsformsinthefreewatersurfacewetlandsandtheparameterdeterminingmethodsstillneedtobedonetoimprovetheveracityoftheecologicalkineticmodel.Keywords:Constructedwetland;ecologicalkineticmodel;phosphorus1　前　　言,、、、,()。,,,,[1],、、[2]。30,,[1][3],,[4],,、,,[5]。,,—88—2004231DOI:10.14034/j.cnki.schj.2004.01.028,、、。2　表面流人工湿地磷循环的生态动力学模型(EcosystemKineticModels)“”,、、“”(Compart-ments),,,“”,、(),、、,(ModelMaker、Stella、Matlab、),、、,。2.1　1　Figure1　AconceptualdiagramofthephosphoruscycleinFWSwetlands1[6]。,,,:d/dt=d/dt-d/dt-d/dt-d/dt-d/dt-d/dt-d/dt:(1)d/dt=××dtd/dt=××dt(2)d/dt=×(/)×(3)d/dt=d/dt-d/dt-d/dt-d/dt(、),d/dt=××d/dt=×(/)×d/dt=×(/)(4)()(5)d/dt=d/dt-d/dt-d/dt(),d/dt=××(6)d/dt=d/dt-d/dt-d/dt:d/dt=××(7)d/dt=d/dt-d/dt-d/dt:d/dt=×d/dt-×d/dt×d/dtd/dt=××d/dt=-—89—2004231[1],kT=k20×θ(T-20)θ。2.2　,,。2.2.1　生物的生长吸收、,:d/dt=d/dt×。(1)[7]。,kG,:d/dt=kG×,kG,kG。kG,,kG,kG,。(2)Monod[8]Monod1942-,:μ=μmêx·SS+KsμKG。,,,,,、、。(3)[6],、、,:d/dt=×××÷,,,。,。,,(),,,。,,。,,,。2.2.2　生物的死亡[9],d/dt=kD×KD,,。,(、、)。2.2.3　土壤作用,、,,、,(、、、)。,。(1)[6],,:d/dt=×/—90—2004231,,,,,,,,。(2)、[10],,。:dCTW/dt=kde×CTSρW×hW-kêb×CTWρW×hWC0W×ρW×hW=CTW×ρW×hW+CTS×ρs×hs:C0W,CTW,CTS0T;ρW,ρS;hW;hS;kab,kde、、。、。:d/dt=×-×,、hSkab、kde,hS,kab、kde。、,。3　小　　结,,,。、、,,,,、,,。,,,。,、、,,,,,,,,,,。:[1]　KadlecRH.Overview:Surfaceflowconstructedwetlands[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,1995,32(3):1-12.[2]　　,　,.[J].,2001,14(1):59-62.[3]　KallnerS,HBWittgren.ModellingnitrogentransformationsinsurfaceflowwastewatertreatmentwetlandsinSweden[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,2001,44(11～12):237-244.[4]　KadlecRH.Theinadequacyoffirst-ordertreatmentwetlandmodels[J].Ecol.Eng.,2000,15:105-119.[5]　StephenC.Theemergenceoftreatmentwetlands[J].AmericanCh-emicalSociety,1998,32(9):218A-223A.[6]　WangNM,JMWilliam.Adetailedecosystemmodelofphosphorusdy-namicsincreatedriparianwetlands[J].Ecol.Eng.,2000,126:101-130.[7]　,,,.[M].:,1990.20-30.[8]　KadlecRH.Anautobioticwetlandphosphorusmodel[J].Ecol.Eng.,1997,8:145-172.[9]　USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Manual-Constructedwetlandstreatmentofmunicipalwastewaters[R].EPA/625/R-99/010.Cincinnati,Ohio:OfficeofResearchandDevelopment,NationalRiskManagementResearchLaboratory,1999.[10]　,.,[J].,1995,32(2):142-150.—91—2004231