滨海区芦苇和香蒲耐盐碱性及除氮磷效果对比研究

36420154ENVIＲONMENTALSCIENCEVol．36No．4Apr．2015121111.2661002.266100．、、．10‰8.5pH7.5‰、pH8.0、、、、2.5%、7.3%、8.2%．、．X171A0250-3301201504-1489-08DOI10．13227/j．hjkx．2015．04．0492014-09-292014-11-2812-4-1-58-HY1966～[e-mail]t-alkalineＲesistanceandＲemovalEfficiencyofNitrogenandPhosphorusbyPhragmitesaustralisandTyphaangustifoliainCoastalEstuaryAreaCHENYou-yuan12SUNPing1CHENGuang-lin1WANGNing-ning11.CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineeringOceanUniversityofChinaQingdao266100China2.KeyLaboratoryofMarineEnvironmentandEcologyMinistryofEducationOceanUniversityofChinaQingdao266100ChinaAbstractThesaltandalkalicontentsweresohighthattheecologicallandscapewasdepressedinwaterbodyofacoastalestuaryarea．Screeningsomeplantswhichcouldnotonlytoleratesaline-alkalinebutalsoeffectivelyremovenitrogenandphosphoruswasthereforeinurgentneed．ThetolerancerangeandremovalrateofnitrogenandphosphorusbyPhragmitesaustralisandTyphaangustifoliaundersaltandpHstresswereinvestigatedbyhydroponicexperiments．TheresultsshowedthatPhragmitesaustraliscouldtolerateatleast10‰salinityandpH8.5whileTyphaangustifoliatolerated7.5‰salinityandpH8.0.CombinedwiththechangeofthegrowthandphysiologicalindexesrelativeconductivityprolinechlorophyllandrootactivitythesaltresistanceofPhragmitesaustraliswasstrongerthanthatofTyphaangustifolia．UndersaltstresstheremovalrateofammonianitrogenofPhragmitesaustraliswashigher．TheremovalratesofnitratenitrogenandphosphorusofTyphaangustifoliawere2.5%and7.3%higherthanthoseofPhragmitesaustralisinaveragerespectivelybecauseofthehighbiomassofTyphaangustifolias．Thetotalnitrogenremovalratewasequivalent．UnderpHstresstheremovalrateofammonianitrogenandtotalphosphorusofPhragmitesaustraliswasalittlehigherthanthatofTyphaangustifolia．HoweverTyphaangustifoliahadahigherremovalrateoftotalnitrogenwhichwas8.2%higherthanthatofPhragmitesaustralis．AlltheanalysisshowedthatbothPhragmitesaustralisandTyphaangustifoliacouldbeusedasalternativeplantstogrowandremovenitrogenandphosphorusinthehighsalt-alkalinewaterbodyincoastalestuaryarea．KeywordsPhragmitesaustralisTyphaangustifoliasalt-alkalineresistancenitrogenphosphoruscoastalestuaryarea．pH5.5～7.00～3.5‰16‰、pH8.12、、34．Phragmitesaustralis56、7、8、9pH9.228.7955.3%10．Typhaangustifolia11～13143615．16、1718、、、．、pH、、、、．11.1Phragmitesaustralis．、19、、．Typhaangustifolia、．20．．1.2、、20‰、pH9.5．1．0‰、2.5‰、5.0‰、7.5‰、10.0‰、12.5‰、15.0‰pH7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0、、．120138～201310Table1WaterqualitysurveyresultofartificialwaterbodyinthestudyareaofQingdaohigh-techzoneAugust2013-October2013/‰pH/mg·L－1/mg·L－1/mg·L－1/mg·L－19.70～15.137.55～8.971.62～1.691.30～1.413.88～4.001.03～1.111.2.1、250mL1252.53·m－2．pH、2pHpHNa2CO3、NaHCO3pHpH2.5‰、0.5pH1d0‰2.5‰2d5.0‰≥5.0‰3d7.5‰≥7.5‰6d3．2、Table2InitialfreshweightandheightofPhragmitesaustralisandTyphaangustifolia/g/g/cm/cm8.56±0.338.84±0.1323.51±0.4525.95±0.57pH8.07±0.367.96±0.4720.39±0.2821.77±0.42、、3～5．、、．094143Table3Plantsaline-alkalinetolerancedomesticationprocessbeforetheexperiment/‰pH02.55.07.510.012.515.07.07.58.08.59.01d02.52.52.52.52.52.57.07.07.07.07.02d02.55.05.05.05.05.07.07.57.57.57.53d02.55.07.57.57.57.57.07.58.08.08.04d02.55.07.510.010.010.07.07.58.08.58.55d02.55.07.510.012.512.57.07.58.08.59.06d02.55.07.510.012.515.01.78mg·L－1、1.34mg·L－1、3.63mg·L－1、1.29mg·L－11.78mg·L－1、2.02mg·L－1、4.45mg·L－1、1.16mg·L－1．、14d3、．9d、．9d、．1.2.2、、、、、、、、．=－=－/21212122．．TU-1810．22.1、9d、．2.1.123．、4．511．pH、4.5、12．4、1Table4HeightnetgrowthandwatercontentsofPhragmitesaustralisandTyphaangustifoliaundersaltandalkalistress/‰/cm/%/cm/%pH/cm/%/cm/%07.01.0902.011.01.5901.17.04.30.4891.26.00.6825.62.510.70.9910.57.61.3890.47.55.81.2900.46.30.5862.95.05.70.3871.15.60.5861.28.04.50.7881.12.70.8811.87.54.51.1863.74.81.1851.98.52.91.08310.71.40.7768.510.03.70.6852.43.30.5833.79.01.30.2818.30.50.9713.312.52.70.4842.52.00.6781.815.02.00.8771.11.00.4751.213～51941362425．42.5‰、pH7.5pH7.5．、．2.1.21Fig．1PhysiologicalindexchangesofPhragmitesaustralisandTyphaangustifoliaundersaltandalkalistress、、26．．1a1bpH10.0‰、pH8.510.0‰8.5pH．．27．1c、1dpH、10‰、pH8.57.5‰、pH8.010‰、pH8.57.5‰、pH8.0．28．1e、1f、pH、．、10.0‰、7.5‰、、10.0‰7.5‰．29．1g、1h、29414．2.2、、、、2a、2c、2e、2.5%90%、．、2b、2d、2fpH＜8.0pHpH=8.0、pH＞8.0pH．pH＜8.5pH＞8.5、．、0.1%、8.2%2.7%．2、Fig．2ＲemovalefficiencyofnitrogenbyPhragmitesaustralisandTyphaangustifoliaundersaltandalkalistress2.3、、3．3a0‰7.3%2.5‰．3bpH、．pH=7.0pH=8.0pH=8.5pH＜8.01.4%．33.1、3.1.1、30．、12.5‰．．、、-31．5.0‰15.0‰-3941363、Fig．3ＲemovalefficiencyoftotalphosphorusbyPhragmitesaustralisandTyphaangustifoliaundersaltandalkalistress12.5‰98%15.0‰2.5‰2.5‰．32．3.1.233pH＞8.534．、pHpH＞8.5pHpH35pH36pH8.037pHpH＞7.5pH38pH39．3.2、3.2.1ATP、DNA4041．0‰．3.2.2pHpH＞7.5pHpHpH、、pH3949414．．4110.0‰pH8.57.5‰pH8.0．2、．pH、．．1．J．2002336449-455．2ChenWCCuiPJSunHYetal．ComparativeeffectsofsaltandalkalistressesonorganicacidaccumulationandionicbalanceofseabuckthornHippophaerhamnoidesL．J．IndustrialCropsandProducts2009303351-358．3LiＲShiFFukudaK．InteractiveeffectsofvarioussaltandalkalistressesongrowthorganicsolutesandcationaccumulationinahalophyteSpartinaalternifloraPoaceaeJ．Environmen