不同深度人工复合生态床处理农村生活污水的比较刘超翔

,＊,,,,(,　100084,E-mail:[e-mail]):2(60cm40cm).,30cm/d,COD、、,60cm66.4%、57.7%、78.7%63.2%,40cm63.8%、59.1%、82.1%61.3%.60cmCOD40cm,.、:/、;、10%9%,.:;;;;:X799.3　:A　:0250-3301(2003)05-05-0092:(2000-03):(1974～),,,.:2002-08-25;:2002-09-18＊RuralSewageTreatmentPerformanceofConstructedWetlandswithDif-ferentDepthsLiuChaoxiang,HuHongying,ZhangJian,HuangXia,ShiHanchang,QianYi(ESPCStateKeyJointLaboratory,Depart.ofEnviron.Sci.andEng.,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,ChinaE-mail:[e-mail])Abstract:Thetreatmentperformance,forlowconcentrationruralsewage,throughconstructedwetlandsofdifferentdepths(60cmand40cm),wascomparativelyinvestigatedbyusingpilot-scaleapparatusinLakeDian-chiarea,Yunnanprovince,China.Theexperimentresultsshowed,underahighhydraulicloadingrateof30cm/d,thattheremovaleffi-cienciesofCOD,totalnitrogen,ammonia-nitrogenandtotalphosphorusintheconstructedwetlandof60cmdepthwere66.4%,57.7%,78.7%and63.2%,respectively,andwere63.8%,59.1%,82.1%and61.3%inthe40cmdepth,respectively.TheremovalefficienciesofCODandtotalphosphorusintheconstructedwetlandof60cmdepthswerehigherthanthoseinthe40cmdepth,butthenitrogenremovalefficiencyinthelatterwashigherthanthatintheformer.Nitrogenandphosphorusremovalmechanismswerestudied.Theresultsshowedthatnitrogenremovalthroughnitrification/denitrificationandthephosphorusrevmoalthroughabsorbandsedimentationweretheirmainremovalmechanisms.Thenitrogenandphosphorusremovedbyplantharvestingwereamountingto10%and9%ofinputTNandTP,respectively,whichwasalsoanimportantremovalpathwayfornitrogenandphosphorus.Keywords:constructedwetland;nonpointsourcepollution;ruralsewage;nitrogen;phosphorus　　,,、、,.,.,,、,,,,、[1].、[2,3].,(2～15cm/d)[2].、.24520039　　　　　　ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.24,No.5Sep.,2003DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.2003.05.017,.,,,、.1　1.1　,,3(1、23).,,PVC.1m,6m,0.7m,1%.1210cm(2～4cm),40cm,10cm,60cm;3,20cm,40cm.,2～5cm,40cm..1.2　,.,[2]..、、、.,.,、,.,1,[4].,20cm×20cm×40cm(××).,,1,,1/3(16/m2),2/3(20/m2).,,[5].1.3　30cm/d5.,,.,.,.1.2.CODCr、TN、NH+4-NTP,1～2,.1　/mg·L-1Table1　Waterqualityofthesewage/mg·L-1CODTNNH+4-NTPDOpH50～802～82～40.5～1.00.5～1.07.0～8.02　Table2　Experimentoperationcondition/cm·d-130TN/g·(m2·d)-11.97COD/g·(m2·d)-121.6TP/g·(m2·d)-10.212　2.1　31.30cm/d,,,(GB8978-1996),COD、TN、NH+4-NTP59.6%～66.4%、50.4%～59.1%、70.8%～82.1%55.0%～63.2%.1,.3:①.,[6].②,,,935　　　　　　,,,[7].③.3　/mg·L-1Table3　Theremovalefficiencyofcontaminantsineachconstructedwetland/mg·L-112361～7261～7261～72COD23～3019～2621～30/%55.6～62.662.9～69.157～69.04.9～7.84.9～7.84.9～7.8TN3.0～4.81.9～3.51.8～3.4/%38.5～60.054.4～61.359.4～65.31.9～2.81.9～2.81.9～2.8NH+4-N0.4～1.10.4～0.90.3～0.7/%62.7～82.870.8～81.380.1～95.20.58～0.970.58～0.970.58～0.97TP0.24～0.320.21～0.290.23～0.29/%54.0～58.760.8～65.159.7～64.21　Fig.1　Themeanremovalefficiencyofcontaminantsineachunit2.2　,[8].[2].,,,50～60cm[2,5].,,60cm40cm2,23.2.2.1　1,2COD66.4%,363.8%.,.[2].2,,,,3.、、,.2,,3.1,263.2%,361.3%./、.,,.,,50%[9].1,COD,32,2,82.1%.:①,3,1.4m,21.2m,32(6).,[6];②32(4)..23,,40cm,30cm,.,60cm94　　　　　　24,1/3,.2.2.2　,,NH+4NO-2;,,NO-xN2O、NO[10].,.ORP[11].,ORP,4.4　(ORP)/mVTable4　ORPineachunit/mV/cm1230～20-105-59-4120～60-200-120-94　　4,ORP,,1ORP,20cm～60cmORP-200mV,,1,.,,,,.23,3ORP2,32.,ORP,,.,,:,2cm,10～20cm,,.10～20cm.KadlectKnight3,、[12].ORPDO(),[9].2.3　、().-,,,,,NO-3,.NO-3,NO-3N2N2O.pH,...120,,56.56NplantPplant.、、120dNinNout,PinPout.,Nb(1)Pa(2).23.Nb=Nin-Nplant-Nout(1)Pa=Pin-Pplant-Pout(2)　　2,47%～48%,/;10%,.3,51%～54%,,9%.,3、2,32.955　　　　　　40cm.、,、,2885kg/(hm2·a)84kg/(hm2·a),3927kg/(hm2·a)92kg/(hm2·a).、,,、.5　、/%Table5　Thenitrogen,phosphorusandwatercompositionindifferentmacrophytes/%　()2.902.04　()0.300.32　61.2561.476　()/kgTable6　Thefreshweightofmacrophyteharvestedineachunit/kg29.65.038.87.02　Fig.2　Theremovalpathwayoftotalnitrogen3　Fig.3　Theremovalpathwayoftotalphosphorus3　(1)30cm/d,,.COD、TN、NH+4-NTP,266.4%、57.7%、78.7%63.2%,363.8%、59.1%、82.1%61.3%.(2),2CODTP3,3ORP,,2.,40cm.(3)//、.、10%9%,、.:1　,..,2002,18(7):1～4.2　,..:,1991.8～28,225～248.3　KAOM,WUMJ.ControlofNon-pointSourcePollutionbyaNatureWetland.Wat.Res.,1999,20(3):47～54.4　U.SEnviromentalProtectionAgency.Constructedwetlandsandaquaticplantsystemsformunicipalwasterwatertreat-ment.1998,47～64.5　..,1991,13(2):8～13.6　BrixH.Functionofmacrophytesinconstructedwetlands.Wat.Sci.&Tech.,1994,29(12):71～78.7　ReedSC.NaturalSystemforWasteManagementandTreat-ment.McGran-HillbookCompany,1988.42～72.8　DrizoA,FrostCAetal.Physico-chemicalscreeningofphos-phateremainingsubstrateforuseinconstructedwetlandsys-tem.Wat.Res.,1999,33(17):3595～3602.9　ThammaratkoottatepandChongrakpolprasert.Roleofplantuptakeonnitrogenremovalinconstructedwetlandlocatedinthetropics.Wat.Sci.&Tech.,1997,36(12):1～8.10　,..:,1998.38～58.11　,,..,1995,21(4):32～35.12　KnightRL.Designconstructedwetlandfornitrogenre-moval.Wat.Sci.&Tech.,1994,29(4):15～27.96　　　　　　24