不同外源氮对石灰性土壤硝化作用的影响及其动力学分析张国桢

20111751147－1155PlantNutritionandFertilizerScience2010－09－172011－05－184097116410501－258“863”2011AA100503。1965—－。[e-mail]123311171210021000833712100Cal-UsticIsohumasols。NH+4－NNO－3－N“S”NH+4－NNO－3－N。NH+4－NNO－3－NNH+4－NNO－3－NNH+4－NN75mg/kg。SO2－4NH+4－NNO－3－N。Michaelis-mentenS153．6+1A1008－505X201105－1147－09EffectsofdifferentexogenousnitrogensourcesonnitrificationinlimysoilanditskineticanalysisZHANGGuo-zhen1HUANGZhan-bin23LIShi-qing3DENGZhen-yi1ZHANGQing-shan11YanglingVocational＆TechnologyCollegeYanglingShaanxi712100China2SchoolofChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineeringChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology-BeijingBeijing100083China3StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilErosionandDrylandFarmingonLoessPlateauInstituteofSoilandWaterConservationCASandMinistryofWaterResourcesYanglingShaanxi712100ChinaAbstractInordertounderstandthemechanismofnitrificationinlimysoilfordifferentexogenousnitrogensourcesthestudywasconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectsofdifferentadditiveamountsandnitrogensourcesonthenitrificationinfreshCal-UsticIsohumasolsbyusingtheplotexperimentandthecorrespondingmodelwasobtained．TheresultsshowthatthecurvebetweentheammoniumnitrateconsumptionrateandnitrogennitrateincreasingratecanbedescribedasanSshapeandtheammoniumnitrateconsumptionrateishigherthanthenitrogennitrateincreasingrate．Theammoniumnitrateconsumptionrateandnitrogennitrateincreasingratearepositivelycorrelatedwiththenitrogenaddition．Exceptthenitrifyingbacteriaotherorganisms'absorptionsofammoniumnitrateandnitrogennitratearepositivelyrelatedtotheadditionofnitrogennitrate．Applicationsofdifferentnitrogenamountshavegreatinfluencesonthenitrificationinsoils．WhenthenitrogenadditionisN75mg/kgsoilthenitrificationismorecompletely．SO2－4canhastenthenitrificationrateandcanalsoimprovethebio-availabilitiesofammoniumnitrateandnitrogennitrateforotherorganisms．KeywordslimysoilexogenousnitrogensourcesnitrificationMichaelis-mentenkinetics17。Mclaren1NH+4NO－2NO－3。NH+4－N2－3。。。3－4Logistic3Kmaxtd。、。Michaelis-Menten5。NH+4－N、。。。Cal-UsticIsohumasolsNO－3－NNH+4－NMinchianaelis-Menten、。11.1100—2020—40cmCal-UsticIsohumasols1。1226m9.1℃1－5.0℃722.1℃584.1mm1.41。1Table1ThebasicnutrientcontentsintestedsoilSoilDepthcmOMg/kgTotalNg/kgmg/kgOriginmineralNNO－3-NNH+4-NTotalTotalPg/kgOlsen-Pmg/kgpH0—2011.920.705.486.5812.051.3218.898.18Lucerne20—4010.170.666.286.6012.881.0615.568.210—2011.370.745.826.9312.751.2110.608.26Fallow20—4010.560.707.357.5614.911.1310.598.35NH4HCO3N17%N0、50、75100mg/kgNH42SO4N20%、NH4ClN25%N100mg/kg6。10.0g60%18%100mL25～26℃22。0、1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15dNH+4－N、NO－3－NpH33。Bremner2mol/LKCl1∶5NH+4－NNO－3－N8。K2Cr2O7－OlsenpHCaCl20.01mol/L1∶5。841151.2NH+4－NNO－3－NNO－3－NNH+4－NNH+4－NNO－3－N。NO－3－NNH+4－N。NO－3－NNH+4－NNtNO=∑nt=0VtNO－∑nt=0AtNO1NtNONO－3－NVtNONO－3－NAtNO、NO－3－N。NtNH=S0－∑nt=0VtNH－∑nt=0AtNH2NtNHNH+4－NS0NH+4－NVtNHNH+4－NAtNH、NH+4－N。“S”——9。Logistic36“S”1、2。Logistic“S”。NH+4－NNO－3－N∑nt=0AtNH=∫AtNH=S0－SNH1+ea+bt1+ec+dt3∑nt=0AtNO=∫AtNO=SNO1+ea+bt1+ec+dt4Logistic。NO－3－NNH+4－NNtNH=S0－SNH1+ea+bt－S0－SNH1+ea+bt1+ec+dt5NtNO=SNO1+ea+bt－SNO1+ea+bt1+ec+dt6cd。1Fig．1Variationofnitrateammoniumandtheregressioncurves9411172Fig．2Variationofnitrogennitrateandtheregressioncurves1.3、22pHNH+4－N、NO－3－N。56DPS。10。Logistic1、2r=∑ni=1xi－珋xyi－珋y∑ni=1xi－珋x2∑ni=1yi－珋y槡2s=1n－2∑ni=1yi－珋yi槡22NO－3－NNH+4－N。NH+4－NNO－3－N＜1mg/kg。MATLAB11。22.1NH+4－NSNHNO－3－NSNO。NH+4－NNO－3－NNH+4－N12、、。∑At－S0－SNH1+ea+bt1+ec+dt－SNO1+ea+bt1+ec+dt。3、4∑At“S”。∑AtNH+4－N。∑ANH∑ANHNH+4－N。∑ANH“”∑ANHNH+4－N∑ANO∑ANO051152Table2ThemodelsandsignificancevaluesofthenitrificationFertilizersmg/kgTypersModel50NH4HCO3NH+4－N0.98902.4882Nt=50－44.40/1+exp1.44－0.95t－50－44.40/1+exp1.44－0.95t/1+exp5.59－0.60tNO－3－N0.96943.1659Nt=37.10/1+exp0.42－0.27t－37.10/1+exp0.42－0.27t/1+exp－0.84+0.23t75NH4HCO3NH+4－N0.97745.0507Nt=75－69.37/1+exp1.34－0.91t－75－69.37/1+exp1.34－0.91*t/1+exp9.60－0.14*tNO－3－N0.98073.2753Nt=61.14/1+exp0.65－0.19t－61.14/1+exp0.65－0.19t/1+exp－0.46+0.20t100NH4HCO3NH+4－N0.97059.8232Nt=100－72.92/1+exp2.47－1.07t－100－72.92/1+exp2.47－1.07t/1+exp4.88－0.59tNO－3－N0.99752.1272Nt=75.30/1+exp0.05－0.18t－75.30/1+exp0.05－0.18t/1+exp－2.65+0.65t100NH42SO4NH+4－N0.99164.6648Nt=100－85.74/1+exp1.64－0.74t－100－85.74/1+exp1.64－0.74t/1+exp14.99－1.51tNO－3－N0.98293.6763Nt=73.48/1+exp0.30－0.07t－73.48/1+exp0.30－0.07t/1+exp－2.25+1.06t100NH4ClNH+4－N0.99691.3891Nt=100－52.28/1+exp19.11－1.46t－100－52.28/1+exp19.11－1.46t/1+exp2.34－0.04tNO－3－N0.99383.3878Nt=45.02/1+exp5.00－0.49t－45.01/1+exp5.00－0.49t/1+exp－4.19+0.45t3Fig．3ThechangeoftheNH+4－Nforotherfactors∑ANO“”∑ANONO－3－N。75NH4HCO3∑ANH∑ANO4Fig．4ThechangeoftheNO－3－Nforotherfactors50H4HCO3。N75mg/kg∑At。151117100NH4HCO3NO－3－N∑ANONH+4－NpH12。100NH4ClNO－3－N∑ANO54.10mg/kg。∑ANH47.54mg/kg。Cl－。3NH+4－N∑ANHNH+4－N。50NH4HCO3、75NH4HCO3100NH42SO4NO－3－N∑ANONH+4－N。。3NH+4－NNO－3－NTable3VariationsoftheammoniumnitrateandnitrogennitrateinsoilItemFertilizermg/kg50NH4HCO375NH4HCO3100NH4HCO3100NH42SO4100NH4ClNH+4－NTheconvergentwastageofNH+4－N44.4069.3772.9285.7452.28∑ANH5.745.5927.0314.3747.54∑50.1474.9699.95100.1199.82NO－3－NTheconvergentwastageofNO－3－N37.1061.1475.3073.4845.02∑ANO11.