不同污水生物脱氮工艺中N2O释放量及影响因素

2612200612ActaScientiaeCircumstantiaeVol.26,No.12Dec.,2006:(No.50478040);(No.50521140075);;SupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.50478040),ThekeyinternationalcooperationprojectfinancedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationChina(No.50521140075),DevelopmentFoundationforKeyLaboratoryofBeijingandTheFundingProjectforAcademicHumanResourcesDevelopmentinInstitutionsofhigherLearningundertheJurisdictionofBejingMunicipality(PHR(IHLB)):(1979),,,E2mail:[e-mail];3()Biography:LIUXiuhong(1979),female,Ph.D.candidate,E2mail:[e-mail];3Correspondingauthor,,,.2006.N2O[J].,26(12):1940-1947LiuXH,YangQ,WuCY,etal.2006.N2OemissionsfromdifferentbiologicalnitrogenremovalprocessesandfactorsaffectingN2Oproduction[J].ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae,26(12):1940-1947[]:N2O1,2,1,1,2,3,3,21.,1500902.,1000223.,266033:2006203230:2006209226:N2O.,N2ON2O,N2O.,N2O,N2O,DOSRT.N2O,2,N2O.:;N2O;;;:025322468(2006)1221940208:X703:AN2OemissionsfromdifferentbiologicalnitrogenremovalprocessesandfactorsaffectingN2OproductionLIUXiuhong1,YANGQing2,WUChangyong1,PENGYongzhen1,2,3,ZHOULi3,SHANGHuilai21.SchoolofMunicipalandEnvironmentalEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin1500902.KeyLaboratoryofBeijingforWaterQualityScienceandWaterEnvironmentRecoveryEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing1000223.SchoolofEnvironmentalandMunicipalEngineering,QingdaoTechnologicalUniversity,Qingdao266033Received30March2006;accepted26September2006Abstract:MicrobiologicalnitrificationanddenitrificationwereconsideredtobethemajorsourcesofN2Oinwastewatertreatmentprocesses.ThemicrobiologicalmechanismofN2OproductioninnitrificationanddenitrificationandthebasiccharacteristicsofkeyenzymesrelatedtoN2Oproductionwereillustrated.Inaddition,theN2Oproductionofseveraltypicalnitrifiersanddenitrifierswassummarized.ThroughanalyzingN2Oemissionsfromwastewatertreatmentplantsanddifferentwastewatertreatmentprocesses,especiallynovelwastewatertreatmentprocesses,itwasconcludedthatN2Oemissionswereaffectedbywastewatercharacteristics,treatmentprocesses,operatingconditionsandthestructuresofmicrobialcommunities.Moreover,mainfactorsaffectingN2Oproductionwerereviewed,includingsubstrateconcentration,DOconcentrationandSRT.Finally,thepreliminarystrategiesforcontrollingN2OemissionfromwastewatertreatmentprocesswereputforwardonthebasisofsyntheticallyanalysisofmicrobiologicalmechanismandfactorsaffectingN2Oproduction.Keywords:biologicalwastewatertreatment;N2O;nitrification;denitrification;controlstrategies1(Introduction)2070,,.,12:N2O,;,,(N2O).N2O.N2O.N2O,014,10%16%.N2O,CO2190270CH4421,5%6%(IPCC,1996).N2O,,,,120a(Sharmaetal.,1996).N2O,O3,O3,NONO2;2,.20,N2O0.25%0.30%,N2O.,N2O,.N2ON2ON2O,N2O.2N2O(MicrobiologicalmechanismofN2Oproduction)N2O,.N2O.90%N2O.,,2.N2O(Hanakietal.,1992;Schulthessetal.,1994;Garridoetal.,1998).2.1,2,.,.2:(ammoniamonooxygenase,AMO)(hydroxylamineoxidoreductase,HAO),AMO,HAO,c.,.(nitriteoxidoreductase,NOR),NOR.,,N2O,N2O1.1N2OFig.1ThepathwayofnitrousoxideproductionduringnitrificationanddenitrificationN2O,(Blackmeretal.,1980),NH+42NNO-22N,NO-22N,,NO-2N2O(Papenetal.,1990).207080,,Nitrosomonaseuropaea,NitrosospiraNitrosolobusN2O(1),N2O.,NitrosomonaseuropaeaN2O,N2O;Nitrobacterwinogradskyi1N2OTable1N2OemissionsandrelativenitrifiersN2ONitrosomonaseuropaeaHynesetal.1984NitrobacterWinogradskyiInamorietal.1997NitrosomonaseuropaeaInamorietal.1997ChemoautotrophicorganismsBlackmeretal.1980AlcaligenesfaecalisAndersonetal.1986AlcaligenesfaecalisPapenetal.1989149126N2O.,,.AndersonBlankmer,N2O,,,SRT,N2O.2.2,.,4,NON2ON2.NO,NO,N2ON2(1).4:(nitratereductase,Nar)(nitritereductase,Nir)(nitricoxidereductase,Nor)(nitrousoxidereductase,Nos).,,N2ONos.Nos,,NosCuACuZ,CuZN2O,,(Timetal.,2000;Brownetal.,2000).N2O2:1)Nos,3N2O,N2O,.Nos,DO(CuNi)H2S,N2O.2)Nos,N2O(2).,N2,NodaA/O22Nos,N2O(Nodaetal.,2003).2N2OTable2N2OemissionsandrelativedenitrifiersN2AlcaligenesfaecalisSchalketal.,2000Pseudomonas.stutzeriTR2Takayaetal.,2003Pseudomonassp.strainK50Takayaetal.,2003N2ORoseobacterdenitrificansShiba,1991FluorescentPseudomonadsGreenbergetal.,1997PseudomonasstutzeriTakayaetal.,2003ParacoccusdenitrificansTakayaetal.,20033N2O(N2Oemissionsfrombiologicalwastewatertreatmentprocesses).KhalilRasmussenN2O,N2O0.33.0Tg(1Tg=11012kg),N2O2.5%25%(Khaliletal.,1992).N2O,N2O,N2O(Peteretal.,1995;Smeretal.,1995).3.1N2O,,N2O.N2O2(Peteretal.,1995).,N2O.,N2O,N2O.N2O,,.N2O,,9%N2O(Leeetal.,2003).3Durham1993N2O(Peteretal.,1995).Durham1.11010t,N2O3.5104g,,N2O4.710-6gL-1,249112:N2O1.610-6gL-13.110-6gL-1;,N2O3.2g-1.2(),N2O,N2O.,N2O.2N2OFig.2WastewaterandsludgetreatmentflowsandpossibleN2Oemissionsources3DurhamN2OTable3ProcessandN2OfluxesfromDurhamwastewatertreatmentplantN2O/(gm-2d-1)/m2N2O/(ga-1)0.171.050.459.81.6103()0.010.040.0222.81.61020.121.800.611443.210415.3145310532.4106330.3103:3N2O(:ug-1);33(:La-1)3.2N2ON2O(4).N2O.,,N2O,,N2O(Parketal.,2000).Kim,(A.faecalis),N2O(1),A.faecalisN2O(Kimetal.,2003).N2O,,N2O,,N2O.N2O.,N2O(4).(SBR),N2O(Parketal.,2001;Takashietal.,1995).,N2O,.,,.,,.N2O(5).ZengDO0.450.55mgL-1,,N2O(Zengetal.,2003).DO,N2ODON2O(W