部分亚硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺及其启动方法王峰

—王峰：近年来，部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化（partialnitritation/anammox，PN/A）工艺已经成为生物废水处理工艺中具创新性的工艺之一。该工艺至少节省64％的氧气（O2）和100％的有机碳源，是一种很有应用前景的脱氮工艺。介绍了部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化的机理及有关PN/A工艺的启动方法。废水脱氮；亚硝化；厌氧氨氧化；机理；启动方法AbstractPartialNitritation/AnammoxPN/Ahasbeenoneofthemostinnovativedevelopmentsinbiologicalwastewatertreatmentinrecentyears.Themainadvantagesoftheseprocessistosaveatleast64%oftheoxygenO2and100%oforganiccarbonsourcesoitbecomesthehighlightinthebiologicalnitrogenremovalstudy.ThisarticledescribesthemechanismandimplementationmethodofPN/A.Keywordswastewaterdenitrification;nitritation;anaerobicammonia-oxidizing;mechanism;implementationX703A1674-1021201510-0040-052015－09－122015-10-12。。1。—2。NH4+NO3-。aerobicammo－nia-oxidizingbacteriaAOBNH4+NO2-nitrite-oxidizingbacteriaNOBNO2-NO3-。NO3-N2/3。NH4+NO3-O24。anaerobicammoniumoxidationANAMMOX。anaerobicammonia-oxidizingbacteriaAnAOBNH4+NO2-N2NO3-。AnAOB。StrousO2ANAMMOX5。NH4+NO2-NO3-AnAOBAnAOBNH4+NO3-NO2-NO2-ANAMMOX。NO2-。StrousNO2-100mg-N/L6。Dapena-Mora7350mg-N/LNO2-AnAOB50%。Egli8Ca.KueneniastuttgartiensisNO2-182mg-N/LAnAOB。DEMOM40NO2-5mg-N/L9NO2-10mg-N/LAnAOB。—ANAM－MOXAnAOB。ANAMMOX60%90%10-12。ANAMMOX—partialnitritation/anammoxPN/ANH4+NO2-。。AnAOBAOBNOB。AOBNOB30℃SRTNOB13。AOBNOBAnAOBNO2-NO2-。、。PN/A/。PN/A。PN/A—ANAMMOXDONH4+NOBAnAOB。PN/A—。O2PN/AO21.0mg/L14-15。Hellinga16DO0.8~1.0mg/L60%NH4+N2。Hellinga16N2。FISHPN/AAnAOBNOB17-18。NH4+85%N215%NO3-。PN/ANH4+NO2-。、pH、DONO2-NO3-NO2-。NOBNO2-。pH、、HRT、19pH7.4~8.30.4~0.5mg/L。AOBNOB30~40℃AOBNOB20。HRTNOBAOB。AnAOBNO2-NH4+NH4+NO2-N221-22。PN/A。PN/ASinglereactorHighactivityAmmoniaRemovalOverNitriteSHARON。。movingbedbiofilmreactorMBBR、sequencingbatchreactorSBRrotatingbiologicalcontactorsRBC。1995ANAMMOXPN/AANAMMOXPN/A41。PN/A2014PN/A100。PN/ASBR50%PN/ASBRMBBRs。88%PN/A75%PN/A。。SBRPN/A80%DEMON誖SBR。pHAOBAnAOBSRTAnAOB23。NOBAnAOB。SBRPN/ANH4+。NH4+SBR。NH4+。NH4+。NH4+NH4+。DO0.1mg/L。。SHARON/ANAMMOX。DelftSHARON—。SHARON30~35℃NOBSRTHNO2。SHARONpH。—。ANAMMOX20026RotterdamDokhavenNH4+24PN/ASBRSHARON/ANAMMOXSHARONSHARONANAMMOX25。DokhavenpH6.5~7.5SHARONNH4+SHARON57%NH4+ANAMMOXNH4+NO2-。ANAMMOX90%~95%10kg/m3·d26。Third27SHARON/ANAMMOXANAMMOX0.01g/L7.9mL/min25mmol/LNH4+18mmol/LNO2-12mmol/LNH4+。NOBNO2-NH4+。NO3-NH4+0.13。NH4+。Sliekers28SHARON/ANAMMOX1.5kg/m3·d。Vazquez-Padin2918~24℃SBRDOAnAOB。35d0.25kg/m3·dDO0.5mg/L0.45kg/m3·d。PN/APN/ArotatingbiologicalcontactorRBC。Mechernich30、Kolliken31Pitsea32RBCAnAOB。OLAND。RBCPN/AOxygenlimitedautotrophicnitrificationdenitrifi-cationOLAND。OLAND42NH4+NO2-NO2-NH4+33。NOBNO2-。OLAND。DeSahBVSneekNLOLAND。Sneek0.5m3RBC64populationequivalentsPE6m3464PE。1~4r/minDO0.60~0.65mg/LpH7.0~7.5NaOH。HulstRBCNH4+NH4+DOpH/。2015OLANDNH4+150kg-N/d。2011VeoliaAnoxKaldnesMBBRPN/A———ANITAMOXTM。/NH4+NO3-DO。—integratedfixedfilmactivatedsludgeIFASPN/A。90%AOB34。PN/A。2007WeiβenfelsRhedaWiedenbrückAquaconsult—thepartialaugmentednitrita－tion/denitritationwithalkalinityrecoveryPANDAPN/APANDA+。、35。ColsennewactivatedsludgeconceptNAS誖。PN/A—。36。NAS誖DOSRT。NAS誖N/DN/。NAS誖MBR。E&PIFAS———TERRANA誖。SüdchemieSBR。TERRANA誖AnAOB。。PN/A64%。PN/APN/ANH4+、C/N。StrousM.HeijnenJ.J.KuenenJ.G.etal.Thesequencingbatchreactorasapowerfultoolforthestudyofslowlygrowinganaerobicammonium-oxidizingmicroorganismsAp-pliedMicrobiologyandBiotechnology.1998505589-596.StrousM.KuenenJ.G.JettenM.KeyphysiologyofanaerobicammoniumoxidationApploedandEnvironmentalMicro-biology.19996573248-3250.Dapena-MoraA.FernandezI.CamposJ.L.etal.EvaluationofactivityandinhibitioneffectsonAnammoxprocessbybatchtestsbasedonthenitrogengasproductionEnzymeandMicrobialTechnology2007404859-865.43EgliK.FangerU.AlvarezP.etal.Enrichmentandcharacterizationofananammoxbacteriumfromarotatingbiologicalcontactortreatingammonium-richleachateArchivesofMicrobiology20011753198-207.W·r·l·vanDerStar.20071815-19.MulderA.Thequestforsustainablenitrogenremovaltech-nologiesAmsterdamNetherlands200367-75.SiegristH.SalzgeberD.EugsterJ.etal.AnammoxbringsWWTPclosertoenergyautarkyduetoincreasedbiogaspro-ductionandreducedaerationenergyforN-removalWa-terScienceandTechnology.2008573383-388.vanLoosdrechtM.SalemS.BiologicaltreatmentofsludgedigesterliquidsCracowPoland200611-20.HellingaC.SchellenA.MulderJ.W.etal.TheSHARONprocessAninnovativemethodfornitrogenremovalfromam-monium-richwastewaterKalmarSweden1500135-142..———20056102-105.AlpkvistE.BengtssonJ.OvergaardN.C.etal.SimulationofnitrificationofmunicipalwastewaterinaMovingBedTMbiofilmprocessabottom-upapproachbasedona2D-con-tinuummodelforgrowthanddetachmentAmsterdamNetherlands2007247-255.HellingaC.SchellenA.MulderJ.W.etal.TheSHARONprocessAninnovativemethodfornitrogenremovalfromam-monium-richwastewaterKalmarSweden1500135-142.HagopianDSRileyJG.AcloserlookatthebacteriologyofnitrificationAquaculturalEngineering1998184223-244.StrousM.VangervenE.ZhengP.etal.Ammoniumremovalfromconcentratedwastestreamswiththeanaerobicammoni-umoxidationanammoxprocessindifferentreactorconfig-urationsWaterResearch.19973181955-1962..19997.MulderA.VandegraafA.ARobertsonL.A.etal.AnaerobicAmmoniumOxidationDiscoveredinadenitrifyingfluidized-bedreactorFemsMicrobiologyEcologu1995163177-183.Saadatj