采用纳滤预处理的海水淡化集成技术

:1007-8924(2003)06-0054-05采用纳滤预处理的海水淡化集成技术苏保卫王志王世昌*(,300072):海水淡化是解决淡水危机的主要方法之一,但由于海水的硬度浊度和总固溶物含量均非常高,因而导致淡化水的能耗量和成本较高.采用纳滤膜技术可以降低海水的硬度和总固溶物及有机物的含量,减少结垢与污染,提高水回收率,有望实现海水淡化成本的进一步降低.详细介绍了纳滤与常规蒸馏法膜法海水淡化相结合而构成的新型纳滤预处理海水淡化集成技术:NF-MSFNF-SWRONF-SWROrej-MSF等的国外研究与应用进展情况.:纳滤膜;海水淡化;集成淡化技术:TQ02818:A,..,,.(MSF)(RO)(MED)(VD).,MSFROMED[1],199569%23%8%[2],199754%36%10%[3].,MSFRO,4516%3510%[3].MSF,.,.RO,,ROMSF[4].MED(LT-MED),.,,..,,(CaSO4)(CaCO3,Mg(OH)2),.,.,,35%~40%,45%[5].,,,,..,,.,,.,.1纳滤膜技术及其海水软化作用(NF)10,NF/0,,200~1000,:2002-08-20;:2002-11-01:(1971-),,,,,:.*236Vo1.23No.6200312MEMBRANESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYDec.2003,,(014~210MPa).NF,Ca2+Mg2+SO42-.NF,[6~8],.Plummer[9]NF-40,SO42-98%.,SO42-Ba2+,.Wilf[10]NFMSF,(PVD),015~215MPaSO42-012%~119%,Ca2+Mg2+30%15%,CI-35%~65%.Hassan[11]NF.NF(NFP)SDI1,NFP,1[11].118MPaSO42-9313%,Ca2+Mg2+80%,(TDS)3713%~5411%,40%~45%.NF.NFP,,NFP,,;,.NF,(TBT)(GOR),;,;,,..,NF.2纳滤预处理海水淡化集成技术[11~16]NF,,.NFPROMSF,NF-SWRONF-MSF;NF-SWROSWROMSF,NF-SWROrej-MSF.1(SalineWaterConversionCorporation,SWCC)NFNFSWRO[11].表1SWCC不同进料压力下NF滤液NF和SWRO浓缩液的离子浓度SWNFPSWROrejNFreja)R/%a)b)R/%b)c)R/%c)c)c)Ca2+/(mg#L-1)4819380.75089.65289.296Mg2+/(mg#L-1)160819387.79694.014391.12532200/(mg#L-1)7800104986.552093.372090.8128010800SO42-/(mg#L-1)320020693.37297.823092.84144950HCO3/(mg#L-1)1284663.33076.62481.342133CI/(mg#L-1)227801669226.71232046.3946057.71957029350Na+/(mg#L-1)128609426126.7690446.3544257.7TDS/(mg#L-1)440462772037.32023054.01640062.83064063640pH8.27.857.926.387.087.46/(LS#cm-1)600004047031100246004330068600NF:a)1.8MPa;b)2.2MPa;c)3.1MPa.1(SWCC)NF20m3/d.,(FCI30.4mg/LFe3+),,SDI[5NF-SWRONF-MSFNF-SWROrej-MSF3.NFSWRO1.6:#55#1SWCCNF[16]211NFRONFPSWRO,NFP,,;NFP,.SWCCNF-SWRO,[e-mail],SWRO,4.0MPa48%,3,516MPa50%,2[12].,.SWCCNF-SWRO,NFSWRO8d@40d.8NF,6NF3,SWRO.NFSWRO().,8NFSO42-97%,Ca2+Mg2+,50%~90%[12].SWRO3m3/h,5.0MPa,SWROSWRO,70%,33%.,3m3/h,SWRO310MPa37%,615MPa80%[12].,SWCCUmmLujjSWRONF-SWRO.SWRO360m3/h,RO.RO6.4MPa,30%;RO2.8MPa,85%.NF-SWRO2[13].NFSWROTDS,,NF.NF210MPa,50%;SWRO616MPa,75%.NFP90%,SWRO75%.NF-SWRO,[13].212NFNFNFP,.NFP.SWCCNFPMSFNF-MSF,20m3/d1200h,MSF120e,,.,MSF,NF,,,NF-MSFCa2+SO42-,2,.MSF120~160e[14].120e150e,#56#23230kJ/kg16817kJ/kg[15].213NFNF,,NF-SWRO,,1.NF-SWROMSF,NF-SWROrej-MSF.SWCC2.2UmmLujj()[13]表2SWCC的NF-MSFNF-SWROrej-NSF与传统NSF淡化系统性能参数[11].TBT/eCa2+SO42-(mg#L-1)/(LS#cm-1)pH(m3#h-1)/%A)NF-MSF12016039026590008.191.50.976512016841065620008.631.50.9765B)NF-SWROrej-MSF120232102072874008.51.50.9765C)MSF120882583030920007.991.50.976590661446020740007.571.50.5939120561333014610007.504.00.922390581400018660007.512.10.9445Ca2+SO42-MSF,,.,18%[14].NF,MSFNF,NF,NF,NF[11].NF-SWROrej-MSF-NF.(Inte-gratedMembraneSystem,IMS)[17,18],,(MF)(UF)NFRO.UF-NF-RO,[13],.3结论NF,TDS,,,.NF6:#57#,NF,,,.[1].[J].,1997(1):13~14.[2]Al-ShammiriM,SafarM.Multi-effectdistillationplants:Stateoftheart[J].Desalination,1999,126(1-3):45~59.[3]El-DessoukyH,EttouneyH.MSFdevelopmentsmayre-ducedesalinationcosts[J].WaterandWastewaterInterna-tional,2000,15(6):20~21.[4],.[J].,2000,25(1):7~12.[5]ZidouriH.DesalinationinMorccoandpresentationofde-signandoperationoftheLaaouneSeawaterReverseOsmo-sisPlant[A].ProceedingoftheConferenceofMembraneinDrinkingandIndustrialWaterProduction[C].Italy:2000.293-301.[6],,,.[J].,1999,19(2):1~5.[7],,.[J].,2000,20(1):29~35.[8],.[J].,1999,19(4):1~10.[9]PlummerMA,ColoL.Preventingpluggingbyinsolublesaltsinahydrocarbon-bearingformationandassociatedproductionwells[P].USPat:4723603,1988-02-09.[10]WilfM,ChebtP,LangeP,etal.Designandperformanceofalargereverseosmosissoftingplant[A].IDAConfer-ence[C].Washington:1991.1~25.[11]HassanAM,Al-SofiMAK,Al-AmoudiAS,etal.Anewapproachtomembraneandthermalseawaterde-salinationprocessesusingnanofiltrationmembranes(Part1)[J].Desalination,1998,118(1-3):35~51.[12]HassanAM,FarooqueAM,JamaluddinATM,etal.AdemonstrationplantbasedonthenewNF-SWROpro-cess[J].Desalination,2000,131(1-3):157~171.[13]Al-SofiMAK.Seawaterdesalination)SWCCexper-ienceandvision[J].Desalination,2001,135(1-3):121~139.[14]Al-SofiMAK,HassanAM,MustafaGM,etal.NanofiltrationasameansofachievinghigherTBTof\120einMSF[J].Desalination,1998,118(1-3):123~129.[15]Al-SofiMAK,HassanAM,HamadOA,etal.Meansandmeritsofhighertemperatureoperationindual-pur-poseplants[J].Desalination,1999,125(1-3):213~222.[16]HassanAM.Processfordesalinationofsalinewater,espe-ciallyseawater,havingincreasedproductyieldandquality[P].US:WO9916714,1999-04-08.[17]DrioliE,LaganaF,CriscuoliA,etal.Integratedmem-braneoperationsindesalinationprocesses[J].Desalina-tion,1999,122(2-3):141~145.[18]TakeshiM.Progressinmembranescienceandtechnologyforseawaterdesalination:Areview[J].Desalination,2001,134:47~54.ReviewofnanofiltrationpretreatmenthybridizedseawaterdesalinationtechnologySUBaowei,WANGZhi,WANGShichang(ChemicalEngineeringResearchCenter,SchoolofChemicalEngineeringandTechnology,TianjinUniversity,Tianjin300072,China)Abstract:Seawaterdesalination,amajortechnologyforsolvingtheproblemofwatershortage,hasnotbeenwidelyacceptedovertheworldexceptintheMiddle-Eastcountriesjustbecauseofitshighenergyandinvest-m