产甲烷菌在厌氧消化中的应用研究进展林代炎

林代炎1,林新坚2,杨　菁1,叶美锋1(1.,　　350003;2.,　　350013):2007-07-26;2007-12-21:(1963-),,,(E-mail:[e-mail])。:(1576);(STIF-Y01)　:,。:;;:X703:AAdvanceinutilizationofmethanobacteriaforanaerobicdigestionstudiesLINDai-yan1,LINXin-jian2,YANGJing1,YEMei-feng1(1.AriculturalEngineeringInstitute,FujianAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Fuzhou,Fujian　350003,China;2.SoilandFertilizerInstitute,FujianAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Fuzhou,Fujian　350013,China)Abstract:Thisarticlebrieflyintroducestheprogressinusingmethanobacteriaforanaerobicdigestionstudies.Ital-soanalyzestherelationshipbetweentheresearchdevelopmentinanaerobicdigestionandthemetabolicmechanismandthephysiologicalandbiochemicalcharacteristicsofmethanobacteria.Keywords:anaerobicdigestion;methanogensbacteria;anaerobicreactor　　,。,,、,,,。,、,。1　产甲烷菌研究历史1899,,,、,,(Methanobacillusomelauskii)。,1950,Hungate[1-2]。,,《》8,2070,1(),3、9。,1991,(Oregon)2153、6、55,[3]。,,5,(Methanohacteriales)、(Methanococcales)、(Methano-sarcinales)、(Methanomicrobiales)(Methanopyrales)[4],200[5]。,,small-subunitribosomalRNA;19961福建农业学报23(1):106～110,2008FujianJournalofAgriculturalSciences:1008-0384(2008)01-0106-05DOI:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2008.01.022Methanococcusjannaschii,45[5]。,,,3[1];,C、N、P,,,K+、Na+、Ca2+、Co2+、Cl-、Fe2+、Fe3+[5],,,,。Hungate[1],、、、、、,、。2　产甲烷菌的代谢机理及生理生化特征3,60%;30%,70%[6-7];10%。,,ATP———ATP。11,3,9[2]。,[8]。、,7,D-,[9-10]。。,。,,,,[11]。,,-600～-560mV;-350～-300mV[12]。5～83℃,:35℃55℃[13]。pH6.5～7.5,,。,、、75∶5∶1[12]。3　产甲烷菌在厌氧消化中的应用3.1　,,,、、、,,,[8],,。Chosh2070,(Two-phaseBiosystem,),,,、。,,[14-16]。,。,,,。,,[17-19]。,,[2]。,,SO2,。3.2　,,,,,,。,,,H2/CO2,、[20-21]。,1071林代炎等:产甲烷菌在厌氧消化中应用研究进展[22],,70%[6-7]。,,(),()[7,23],,300mg·L-1,3～5[24]。,3。1;2;3。,(AF),,[25];,,(UASB);[26],,,,,,。,UASB。,,。3.3　3.3.1　接种产甲烷菌　,,;。,,,。[27]。,,、、、,,,,,[28],,[29],[30]。3.3.2　调节消化污水的营养物质平衡　,。,,,Na+、K+、Ca2+,、。,,,,,;,。Speece,,,[31]。,VFA,,,,[32-35]。、,Fe、Co、Ni10mg·L-1·d-1、0.1mg·L-1·d-10.2mg·L-1·d-1[36],[21]。,,、、、、、、、、,,[37];,、Hormesis“”[38];La3+Ce3+VFA[39]。,C、N、P、K,,、,、。C、N、P,,C∶N∶P75∶5∶1,CCOD,COD∶N∶P200∶5∶1,COD300。,,,,100～150g·L-1[40]。———,108福建农业学报23[41]。Kunna,COD/N53,N2,COD/N53,[42]。,:,VFA[43-45]。,CC/N,。3.3.3　pH值对产甲烷菌的影响　、pH,pH,pH。pH,,pH7.2～7.6。,COD1∶3,,。[46],1000mg·L-1CaCO3,,,。Ca2+、Mg2+CO2-3、SO2-4,。3.3.4　毒性物质控制与菌种驯化　,,。,、、,SO2-4,S2-。,[47],,。,,。Karhadkar[48],,。Parking[49]50mg·L-1。Isa[50]20mg·L-1500mg·L-1,,,,。3　结　语,,,。、,,,,;,,、,,。:[1]HUNGATERE.Arolltubemethodforcultivationofstrictanaerobes[M]//NORRISJR.MethodsinMicrobiology.NewYork:AcademicPress,1969.[2]GARCIAJL,PATELKC,OLLIVIERB.Taxonomic,phy-logefletieandecologicaldiversityofmethanogenic[J].AmhAnaerobe,2000(6):205-226.[3],.[J].,1991,18(3):169,187.[4]LANGEM,AHFINGBK.Acomprehensivestudyintothemolecularmethodologyandmolecularbiologyofmethanogenic[J].ArchaeaFEMSMicrobiolRev,2001,5(12):553-571.[5],,.[J].,2003,23(6):42-46.[6]MCCARTYPL,SMITHDP.AnaerobicWastewaterTreat-ment[J].En-vironmentalSciTeChnol,1986,20(12):1200-1206.[7]HARPERSR,POHLANDFG.Recentdevelopmentsinhy-drogenmanagementduringanaerobicbiologicalwastewatertreatment[J].BiotechBioeng,1986,28:585-602.[8].[J].,1992(4):1-4.[9],,.[J].,1997(2):3-6.[10].[J].,l990,13(6):83-87.[11].[J].,1990,8(2):5-8.[12],,,.[M].:,2004:96-103.[13],,,.[M].:,2005:24-53.[14]COHENA,BREUREAM,VANANDELJG,etal.Influ-enceofPhaseSeparationontheAnaerobicDigestionofGlucoseⅡ.StabilityandKineticResponsestoShockLoadings[J].WstRes,1982,16:449-455.[15]COHENA.InfluenceofPhaseSeparationontheAnaerobicDi-gestionofGlucoseⅠ,MaximumCOD-TumoverduringContin-1091林代炎等:产甲烷菌在厌氧消化中应用研究进展uousOperation[J].WatRes,1980,14:1439-1448.[16]COHENA.AnaerobicDigestionofGlucosewithSeparatedAcidProductionandMethaneFormation[J].WatRes,1979,13:571-580.[17],.[J].,1998,19(6):56-59.[18],,.[J].,1999,17(4):3-6.[19],.[J].,2000,18(2):3-7.[20],.[J].,1997,35(5):378-384.[21],,,.[J].,1994,13(1)59-63.[22]WANG,SY-YINGC.AraerobicTreatmentaGrowthopTechnol.WaterTreatmentConference.15-19Sept1986,RIAHails-Amsterdam[J].TheNetherlands,1986.[23]BRUMMELERET,POLWH,DOLFINGJ,etal.Metha-nogenesisinanUpflowAnaerobicSludgeBlanketReactoratpH6onanAcetate-PropionateMixture[J].ApplEnvironMi-crobiol,1985,49(6):1472-1477.[24],.[J].,2000,18(2):8-11.[25],ANDRESTILCHE.[J].,1989,29(2):145-148.[26].[J].,1999,17(2):3-6.[27],,.UASB[J].,2000,18(2):17-31.[28],,.[J].,1998,29(4):330-333.[29],.[J].,1994,12(1):1-5.[30],,.[J].,2002,23(5):675-677.[31]SPEECERE.Naerobicbiotechnologyforindustrialwastewater[M].TNUSA:ArchaePress,1996:222-226.[32].[J].,l996,14(1):1-5.[33]FANGHH,HKCHUI,LIYAXIN.MicrobialstuctureandactivityofUASBgranulestreatingdifferentwastewater[C].//7thInternationalSymposiaAnaerobicDigestion,SouthAfrica,1994.[34]LIYAXIN,RESPECCE.Stimulationeffectoftracemetalsonanaerobicdigestionhighsodiumcontentsubstrate[J].WaterTreatment,1995,10(2):145-154.[35]TAKASHIMAM,SPEECERE.Mineralnutrientrequire-mentforhighfatemethanefermentationofacetateatlowSRT[J].ResJWatPollControlFed,1989,61(11/l2):1646-1650.[36],.[J].,2001,23(3):116-118.[37],,,.[J].,1994,14(4):439-444.[38],,,.Hormesis[J].,2004,14(6):82-84.[39],,,.La3+,Ce3+VFA[J].,2007,25(3):3-6.[40]COONEYCL.Growthofmicroorga