超细纤维滤料在养殖水体处理中的应用安振华

安振华,孙龙生,王恒(,225009):超细纤维具有的高吸水、高排水和高比表面积等特性,在新型过滤材料方面逐渐得到应用。使用高吸附、易复净的超细纤维织物作为滤料或结扎成超细纤维球来处理高氨氮、高悬浮物的水产养殖废水,比使用黄沙、砾石等天然滤料可大幅减少过滤系统的重量和体积,且易于拆卸、整合;超细纤维织物也可以作为基质,通过与水生植物和微生物组成复合生物滤器,使养殖水体循环利用,减少资源消耗。通过采用不同结构和密度的超细纤维构成的滤布、纤维球和以其为基质的复合生物滤器来过滤吸收养殖废水中的悬浮有机物、氨氮,在水产养殖水处理中具有良好的科研价值和广泛的应用前景。:超细纤维;水产养殖水处理;滤料;复合生物滤器:S969.38　　　:A　　　:1007-9580(2010)02-31-03:2010-01-18;:2010-03-28:(09KJB240001);(5365):(1981—),,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]　　、、,、、,。。、,、、。PP、、,,,,,,、。,、。、,。1　,0.3dtex()[1]。:、,,,,。,:(1)[2];(2)[3-4];(3)[5];(4)。2　[6],,,、,[7]。、、、,[8]。[9]。,,,,,,。,:(1)。31《》2010372　,,,5。(2)。。0.2dtex,156×126(×)/10cm、0.73mm、320g/m2,4～5μm。(3),。(4)(、、、)。,、、,。3　,。,、、、(20～85m/h),1%～2%[10]。0.407μm,70m2/g,(0.1m2/g),700[11],,。(、),,,,,。,。(),,90%,66%～50%,5～10[12]。,,,,。,0.2～0.8μm,53%[13];,0.3～0.5μm,。、,,,。,。4　(),。,、,pH[14-15]。,,,;[16]。、,,,。、、、,“++”[17],[18-19],。(、),,,,。,,,。5　、,32《》2010372　,,。,、,,、。◆[1],,.[J].,2005,32(16):21-23.[2]VISHWANATHBA,BHONDEHV.ComparativestudyonspinningofPOYforNormalMicro-DenierPolyesterYarn[J].Man-MadeTextilesinIndia,1998(7):293-296.[3]MILLERH.Microfibreproducersstillseegrowthaheadassmal-lerfibresopennewmarkets[J].InternationalFiberJournal,2003(4):23-29.[4],,.[J].,2003,31(4):8-9.[5],,.[J].,2008(1):37-40.[6].[J].,2001(7):411-415.[7]SANDIPVP,NARSINGHRP.Microfibres,microfilamentstheirapplications[J].AutexResearchJournal,2007,7(3):148-158.[8],.[J].,2009,3:5-8.[9],,.[J].,2005(1):75-77.[10],,.—[J].:,2003,21(1):111-114.[11],.[J].,2004,49(21):2160-2163.[12],.[J].,2002,28(6):71-74.[13],.[C]//:.,1992:17-28.[14]GROMMENR,HAUTRGHEMV,VANWM.Animprovedni-trifyingenrichmenttoremoveammoniumandnitritefromfresh-wateraquariasystems[J].Aquaculture,2002,211:115-124.[15]TALY,WATTSJEM.Characterizationofthemicrobialcom-munityandnitrogentransformationprocessesassociatedwithmovingbedbioreactorsinaclosedrecirculatedmariculturesys-tem[J].Aquaculture,2003,215(1-4):187-202.[16],,.3[J].,2003,10(3):242-245.[17],,,.[J].,2006(5):9-14.[18]MIAOX,SHAOZ,CUIS.Adaptabilityandfiltrationefficien-cyofdifferentgrasscultivationsystemforaquaculturalwastewatertreatment[C]//Proceedingsfromthe4thInternationalConferenceonRecirculatingAquaculture[C].USA:VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteandStateUniversity,2002:516-521.[19]GHATESR,BURTLEGJ,VELLIDISG.Effectivenessofgrassstripstofiltercatfish(Ictaluruspunctatus)pondeffluent[J].AquaculturalEngineering,1997,16:149-159.Applicationofmicrofibermediafilterandmicrofiber-basedcombiningbiofiltertoaquaculturewatertreatmentANZhen-hua,SUNLong-sheng,WANGHen(CollegeofAnimalScienceandTechnology,YangzhouUniversity,Yangzhou225009,China)Abstract:Microfiberisanewmaterialgraduallyusedinaquacultureforitscharacters:highlywater-absorbed,fastdry,highspecificarea.Itispractialtousethemicrofiber-textiletodealwiththehighsuspendedsub-stance(SS)andamoniainthewastedaquaculturewater.Itisslimmerandlighterthangravelandquartzsandandalsoeasytobeassembled.Microfibercanalsobeusedtobethebase-materialincombiningbiofilter.Themicrobiber-basedcombiningbiofiltercanusethemaximumorganisminwaterandtransformittobetheaqua-cultureproducts.Withtheresearchesontheabilitiesofdifferentmicrofibertextilesandfiber-balltobeusedasfilterstuffandthemicrobiber-basedcombiningbiofilter,wecanimprovetheaquaculturewaterrecycleandre-ducetheexhaustcarbondioxideinamoreeffectiveway.Keywords:microfiber;watertreatment;filtermaterial;combiningbiofilter33《》2010372