持久性有机污染物POPs生物修复研究进展

26320063ActaScientiaeCircumstantiaeVo.l26,No.3Mar.,2006:(No.40576054,40476047,40206015);.SupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.4076054,40476047,40206015);ProgramforChangjiangScholorsandInnovativeResearchTeaminUniversity:(1981!),,;*(),Emai:[e-mail]:HUANGXu(1981!),male,mastercandidate;*Correspondingauthor,Emai:[e-mail],,,.2006.(POPs)[J].,26(3):353-361HuangX,LuoYR,HuZ,etal.2006.Recentadvanceinthestudyofpersistentorganicpollutantsbioremediation[J].ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae,26(3):353-361[]:(POPs)黄栩1,骆苑蓉1,胡忠1,2,田蕴1,郑天凌1,2,*1.厦门大学生命科学学院应用与环境微生物研究所,厦门3610052.近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室(厦门大学),厦门361005:20051103:20051220:20051231:(POPs),POPs.;;,.3POPs.:;;;;:02532468(2006)03035309:X1:ARecentadvanceinthestudyofpersistentorganicpollutantsbioremediationHUANGXu1,LUOYuanrong1,HUZhong1,2,TIANYun1,ZHENGTianling1,2,*1.InstituteofApplandEnvironMicrobio,lSchoolofLifeSciences,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen3610052.StateKeyLabofMarineEnvironmentalScience,Xiamen361005Received3November2005;receivedinrevisedform20December2005;accepted31December2005Abstract:DuetothepotentialtoxicityandpoordegradationofPOPs,advancedbioremediation,anoveleffectivelyremovingtechniquetoPOPsinvariouscontaminatedenvironmentalmediaincludingwater,sedimentsandsoils,wasmoreandmoreconcernedbypublic..Withrecentadvancesinthefieldofbiomolecularengineering,thecapabilityofmicroorganismstobioremediatePOPscouldbegreatlyimproved.Lowbioavailability,thebottleneckofinsitubioremediation,wouldbebrokenthroughbythestudyofbiosurfactantandchemtaxis;MetagenomecouldprovideuswithalargeamountofusefulgenesinvolvedinPOPsdegradationwhichtraditionalculturetechniquecouldnt'do.Recently,elevationofPOPsbioavailabiliity,explorationofdegradationgenefromnonculturedmicroorganism,andconstructionofGenomicEngineeringmicroorganism(GEM),arethreehotspotsinresearchofPOPsbioremediation.Keywords:POPs,bioremediation,bioavailability,nonculturedmicroorganism,GEMs(Persistentorganicpollutants,POPs).,,.(PAHs)(PCBs)(Dioxin).,;.,,.(bioremediation),,,26.,.(,2003).,POPs,POPs(Maskaouietal.,2005)POPs(Tianetal.,2003),(,2003;,2004;,2000;,2001),(,2003).,POPs,POPsPOPs.1(bioavailability),(nonaqueousphaseliquid,NAPL),,.POPs,.POPs.,POPs.1.1表面活性剂,(SAA).POPs,,(,2001).Grimberg(1996)TergitolNP10,Pseudomonasstutzeri.,.Willumsen(2001)Tween80(Sphingomonas),(Mycobacterium)..(2004).Chu(2003),SAA(Brij35,Tween80,andSDS)SAA4,4'.:SAA,SAA,SAA.1.2生物表面活性剂,.,(BS)POPs.Scheibenbogen(1994),P.aeruginosaUG2(rhamnolipids)rhamnolipids.Deschenes(1994)rhamnolipids,PAHs,SDS5.1.2.1BS的类型,,.BS(LWBS),,,rhamnolipids(Scheibenbogenetal.,1994;Deschenesetal.,1994)..BS(HWBS).LWBS,,(CMC),.AcinetobacterAlasan(Navonetal.,1995).,AlasanPAHs520,PAHs.1.2.2BS的作用机制Fatima(2005),,.ZhangYMillerrhamnolipids.Prabhu(2003)Pseudomonassp.strainPP2,3543:(POPs),,,,.BS,().BS,Alasan,,.,,(quorumsensing)(Vanetal.,1998).1.2.3BS在生物修复中的应用Kimball,,,,,3%,,(CMC)(Mulliganetal.,2001).,,,pH,.,BS,,.,BS,POPs.1.3细菌的趋化现象,.,.,(POPs).(Harwoodetal.,1984),,.,,(NAPL).,(biofilm),,,(Stelmacketal.,1999).(NACs)SJ98,Bhushan(2000)SJ98NACs,,,,.PAHs,.Marx(2000)P.putidaG7,,,3P.putidaG7,,,3,,()P.putidaG7,.,.,,,.OrtegoCalvo(2003)PAHs,.Bhushan(2004)Clostridiumsp.EDB2,,,.(quorumsensing).2POPs(nonculturedPOPsdegradingmicroorganism),(99%)(Patrick,2002),,POPs.Julian(2003)(22DCPA),,,1964,22DCPA.,,..355262.1宏基因组.Pace(1991),,2070DNA,DNA.,:.2.1.1基于基因序列信息的筛选,DNA,PCR.(Genbank).2.1.1.1PCRPCR,16rDNAPCR.,DNA,16srDNAPCR,,,(Rondonetal.1999).(DGGE)(TRFLP).PAHs,PCBs,,,.Andrew(2002)PCRphnAcnahAc,nahAc.,,,.,DNA,PCR,,.Julian(2003)(deh),DNADNAPCR,deh(groupIgroupII),.2.1.1.2(DGGE),.Abed,R.M(2002)DGGE,.PAHs,DGGE.Kanaly(1999)DGGEBaP1PAHs(a,b,c,d,e;,fg,h,i)Fig.1microbialcommunitystructurechangeundertheselectivepressureofHMWPAHsviaPCRamplified16srRNAfragments(a,b,c,d,ebandsdominantinbatchculture;,fg,h,ibandsweredimanddisappearedinbatchculture),DGGE,.20058,,PAHs,5DNA,PCRDGGE,1,,PAHs,,.DGGE,,,3563:(POPs).Anderoni(2004)DNADGGE..2.1.2基于功能表达的筛选DNA,,,.,,,.,(Marchesietal.,2003;Doreenetal.,2002).Henne(1999)4,p,,.,,,PAHs.,POPs,,.,(streptomyces)(pseudomonads).PAHsPCBs.,(BAC)(Rondonetal.,2000)Cosmid.2.2荧光原位杂交(FISH),,,(biomass).DNA.,FISH(Rudolfetal.,2001),(16srDNA).FISH,PCR(insituPCR,ISPCR),.,FISH,PCR,.Robert(1995)NAH7ISPCR,PCR,ISPCR.Tatsuhik(2001)ISPCRamoA.3(GEMs)(Constructionofgeneengeneeringmicrooganisos).,,..:,,,,(Kennethetal.,1999).:.(EeLuietal.,2005):(rationaldesign)(directedevolution),,X.(sitedirectedmutagenesis),PCR(errorpronePCR)(,2002)DNA(DNAshuffling)(Staggeredextensionprocess)(,2002)..POPs,.3.1提高降解能力,(POPs).PCBsPAHs.,,,,(Dua35726etal.,2002).:.3.1.1降解酶的改造,.mRNA,Carrier(1997)mRNA5∀mRNA,mRNA,.Lee(2004)(molecularchaperones),37.,,.,.,().:X,Kauppi(1998)NCIB99164(NDO)(a3B3),a,B.P450(CYPs)PAHs.PseudomonasputidaCYP101,,HarfordCrossCF(2000)F87Y96,2~3.CYPs.(BPDO)abphA,bphA,Barriault(2002)DNAshufflingB.cepaciastrainLB400,C.testosteroniB-365andRhodococcusgloberulusP6bphA,II92,6(18h58%),II9310%.,.Parales(1998)(NDO)(NTDO),,,.Satio(2000)Nocardioides,Parales(2000),Phe352.bphA(BPDO)a.Bruhlmann(1999)BPDOa,P