崇明东滩人工湿地越冬水禽行为观察桑莉莉

＊桑莉莉1　葛振鸣1　裴恩乐2　徐骁俊1　姜　姗1　王天厚1＊＊(1华东师范大学生命科学学院上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200062;2上海市野生动物保护管理站,上海200233)　　2006年12月上旬—2007年2月下旬,在崇明东滩堤内次生人工湿地(鱼-蟹塘)对7种优势种水禽的昼间(6:30—17:30)行为进行了观察。结果表明:白鹭(Egrettagarzetta)、苍鹭(Ardeacinerea)和斑嘴鸭(Anaspoecilorhyncha)以停伫行为为主,分别占全天行为的34.09%、45.45%和54.55%;白骨顶(Fulicaatra)、普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocoraxcarbo)取食行为较活跃,分别占全天行为的32.58%和35.00%;小(Tachybaptusruficollis)和银鸥(Larusargentatus)游水活动分别占全天行为的44.70%和31.82%。此外,环境温度和光照与水禽活动呈正相关,与风速负相关,湿地内水位由于变化不大而对越冬水禽行为影响不显著。　越冬水禽;行为;环境因子;崇明东滩　Q958　　A　　1000-4890(2008)06-0940-06ObservationonthebehaviorsofwinteringwaterfowlsinartificialwetlandatChongmingDongtan.SANGLi-li1,GEZhen-ming1,PEIEn-le2,XUXiao-jun1,JIANGShan1,WANGTian-hou1(1ShanghaiKeyLaboratoryofUrbanizationandEcologicalRestoration,SchoolofLifeSciences,EastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai200062,China;2DepartmentofWildlifeProtectionAdminis-tration,Shanghai200233,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2008,27(6):940-945.Abstract:FromthebeginningofDecember2006totheendofFebruary2007,observationsweremadeonthedaytime(6:30-19:30)behaviorsof7dominantspeciesofwinteringwaterfowlsinthesecondaryartificialwetland(fish-crabpond)atChongmingDongtan.TheresultsindicatedthatEgrettagarzetta,ArdeacinereaandAnaspoecilorhynchamostlyshowedstandingstillbehav-ior,accountingfor34.09%,45.45%and54.55%oftheirwholedaytimebehaviors,respec-tively.FulicaatraandPhalacrocoraxcarbopreferredtofeedingbehavior(32.58%and35.00%,respectively).SwimmingwasthemajorbehaviorofTachybaptusruficollisandLarusargentatus(44.70%and31.82%,respectively).Thewaterfowls'activitieswerepositivelycor-relatedwithtemperatureandsunlight,butnegativelycorrelatedwithwindspeed.Therelativelyconstantwaterlevelinthewetlandhadnosignificanteffectsonthebehaviorsoftestwaterfowls.Keywords:winteringwaterfowl;behavior;environmentalfactor,ChongmingDongtan.＊(06DZ12303)“”(2006BAC01A14)。＊＊E-mail:[e-mail]:2007-07-09　　:2008-02-27　　,,、(,2003;,2006)。2002———“Ramsar”。、,。11—3-,(,400～500kg·d-1)。,,,(,2003)。,,、(Larkinetal.,1979;LindCresswell,2006),(Pedroli,1982;Paulus,1988;Berganetal.,1989)。(,2006)、(,2005)、ChineseJournalofEcology　2008,27(6):940-945　　　　　　　　　　　　　DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.2008.0188(,1996;Mckinneyetal.,2006)。(Grusjaponensis)、(Plataleaminor)、(G.monacha)(Cioniaboyciana)(,2002;,2006;Sunetal.,2006),。。,,,、、。1　1.1　200612—20072()(-)。、(1),(Phragmitesaustralis)40%。,50cm,1000m×1000m,31°30′23.7″N,121°56′16.6″E。1,3,10,11,3。1.2　1.2.1　　,2～3d,36d,6:30—19:30,5～61～2h,,5min1(,2006)。1　Fig.1　ArtificialwetlandsbehindtheChongmingDongtanseawall1　Tab.1　BehaviorobservationofthesevenwaterfowlsEgrettagarzetta:、、Ardeacinerea＊::、,:,,:,Fulicaatra::::,,:Tachybaptusruficollis::::,,:Anaspoecilorhyncha::::,:Larusargentatus:,、:::,,:Phalacrocoraxcarbo:、、:::,,:＊,,。,4752。,,UM-319ACCD。567,,,,,,。1(,1997;,2002;,2005)。1.2.2　　941:(、)()(1),,()、()、()、。2　2.1　,1h,,(2)。,。6:30—7:30、14:00—15:0017:00—17:30。12:00。,。,,9:00—10:0015:00—16:00。,。11:30—13:30,。。2　Fig.2　Diurnalrhythmofwaterfowl'sbehaviorinwinter942　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　27　6　　　(9:30—11:3014:30—15:30)。8:3016:30,。12:30—13:30,。,2,。,,11:00。2.2　,,(3)。3,,、,34.09%、25.00%24.24%。,、45.45%、25.00%18.18%。、,32.58%、29.55%28.03%。3　Fig.3　Frequencypercentofdifferentbehaviorsbywater-fowls,44.70%37.12%。、,54.55%、21.97%16.67%。、,31.82%、28.79%20.45%。:35.00%,21.67%,16.67%,13.33%,13.33%。2.3　,1h,。4,6:30—7:3014:00—15:0017:00—17:30。9:30—10:3014:00—15:00。,6:30—9:30。。6:30—7:30,11:30—12:30。2.4　2:(、)()。,2()(2)。,,2　(P)Tab.2　Influenceoffactorsonthebehaviorofwaterfowls0.9740.020＊0.1510.7640.4200.000＊＊0.002＊＊0.7990.5560.1090.001＊＊0.4200.1680.1660.011＊0.2540.9120.002＊＊0.000＊＊0.5880.7330.044＊0.000＊＊0.5490.8620.0820.002＊＊0.325＊P0.05,＊＊P0.01。4　Fig.4　Feedingtimingdistributionofthewaterfowls943:,;;、;,。3　　3.1　(2),6:30—7:3016:30—17:30。,,(,2006),,,(Custeretal.,1996)。,,,(MarshDawson,1989)。,。,。,。。。,。。,,。3.2　。,。,,,(,2005)。,,,。,,,。,,,。,,(4),。,(4),。,,。3.3　(,1996)。、、。。,,,。,,、、,。,、。10:30—13:30,,。、。,。,,。,。,,。,,,,(Marsden,2000)。,,.1997..,32(6):31-34.,,　,.2006..,27(2):144-150..1996..,31(3):23-24.　,,,.2002..,37(6):29-34.,,,.2006..,27(2):36-39.,,,.2006.944　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　27　6　.,25(9):1077-1081.,,.2005..,24(4):406-409.　,.2006..(),(6):131-136..1996..,31(4):37-41.,　,.2006..,14(4):352-358.　,　,,.2003..,24(5):387-391.,,.2002..,37(2):69-70.　,,　,.2005..,40(1):59-65.BerganJF,SmithLM,MayerJJ.1989.Time-activitybudgetsofdivingduckswinteringinSouthCarolina.JournalofWildlifeManagement,53:769-776.CusterCM,CusterTW,SparksDW.1996.Radiotelemetrydocuments24-hourfeedingactivityofwinteringlesserscaup.WilsonBulletin,108:556-566.LarkinRP,GriffinDR,Torre-BuenoJR,etal.1979.RadarobservationsofbirdmigrationovertheWesternNorthAt-lanticOcean.BehavioralEcologyandSociobiology,4:225-264.LindJ,CresswellW.2006.Anti-predationbehaviourduringbirdmigration,thebenefitofstudyingmultiplebehaviouraldimensions.JournalofOrnithology,147:310-316.MarsdenSJ.2000.ImpactofdisturbanceonwaterfowlwinteringinaUKdocklandredevelopmentarea.EnvironmentalMan-agement,26:207-213.MarshRL,DawsonWR.1989.Avianadjustmentstocold//WangLCH,ed.AdvancesinComparativeandEnviron-mentalPhysiolo