跨文化交流作业

名词解释1.Ethnorelativism2.Ethnocentrism3.Collectivistculture4.Cultureshock5.Non-verbalcommunication6.Individualism7.Low-contextculture问答题1.DescribethedifferentwaysinshowinghospitalitybetweenChinesecultureandwesternculture2.WhatarethedifferencesonreceivinggiftsbetweenChineseandwesterner?3.WhydomanyChinesepeopletendtoaskaboutage,martialstatus,andevensalarywhenfirstmeetingoneanother?4.WhatisthesignificanceofNonverbalCommunication?5.Explainhigh-contextcultureandlow-contextculture.答案：名词解释1.Ethnorelativism：Itistheattitudeofculturalrelativism,sometimescalled“Ethnorelativism”.Anacquiredabilitytoseemanyvaluesandbehaviorsasculturalratherthanuniversal。2.Ethnocentrismisnegativelyjudgingaspectsofanotherculturebythestandardsofone‘sownculture.Itisthetechnicalnamefortheviewofthingsinwhichone‘sowngroupisthecenterofeverything,andallothersarescaledandratedwithreferencetoit.3.Collectivistculture:itischaracterizedbyarigidsocialframeworkthatdistinguishbetweenin-groupsandout-groups.peopleexpecttheirin-grouptolookafterthem,andinexchangeforthattheyfelltheyoweabsoluteloyaltytothegroup.collectivismmeansgreateremphasison(1)theviews,needs,andgoalsofthein-groupsratherthanoneself(2)socialnormsanddutydefinedbythein-groupratherthanbehaviortogetpleasure(3)beliefssharedwiththein-group;ratherthanbeliefsthatdistinguishselffromingroup;and(4)greatreadinesstocooperatewithingroupmembership.4.CultureshockItisapsychologicalphenomenonthatisexperiencedmostoftenbythosewho,whethervoluntarilyorinvoluntarily,intheprocessofadjustingthemselvestoanewculture.5.Nonverbalcommunication:Itreferstocommunicationthroughawholevarietyofdifferenttypesofsignalcomeintoplay,includingthewaywemove,thegesturesweemploy,thepostureweadopt,thefacialexpressionwewear,thedirectionofourgaze,totheextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestandfromeachother.6.Individualismbroadlyspeaking,individualismreferstothedoctrinetheatertheinterestsoftheindividualareofoughttobeparamount,andthatallvalues,rightsanddutiesoriginateinindividuals,itemphasizesindividualinitiative,independence,individualexpression,andevenprivacy.7.Low-contextcultureit'sakindofcultureinwhichthepopulationislesshomogeneousandthereforetendstocompartmentalizeinterpersonalcontacts,e.g.American,German简答题：1.DescribethedifferentwaysinshowinghospitalitybetweenChinesecultureandwesternculture。Chineseguestsalwaysrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodtodemonstratepolitenessinseemingnottowishtoputtheirhosttoanytrouble.Sometimesanofferisnotarealofferbutapoliteremark.Afterwesay'no',weusuallywaitforthesecondandthirdoffer.Ifthehostjustbringsthefoodordrinkandignores'no',weillacceptit.Chineseliketopresstheirgueststodrinkoreattoshowtheirhospitality.Whilewesternersalwaysacceptorrefuseofferofdrinksorfoodverygenuinely.Theirrefusalisacceptedasgenuine.Westernersdon’tpress.Topresspeopletohavefoodordrinkaftertheyhaverefusedisfrowneduponandcancauseembarrassments.2.WhatarethedifferencesonreceivinggiftsbetweenChineseandwesterner?IntheWest,itisregardedaspolitetoopengiftsassoonastheyaregiventoexpressappreciation.InChina,thesituationisquitethereverse.NormallyweChinesefeelthatifyouopenthegiftassoonasitisgiven,youmightembarrassthepersonwhogivesthegiftandyoumightbethoughtgreedy.Therefore,Chinesepeopletendtoopenthegiftsafterthevisitorshaveleft.InChina,manypeoplesendgiftswithoutwrappingthem,andiftheywrapthem,theyusuallytellthereceiverwhatisinside,andthereceiverwillthankthesenderandputthegiftasidewithoutunwrappingthemsincetheyalreadyknowwhatisinside.Englishreceiversopenthegiftsinfrontofthesendersofthegifts.3.WhydomanyChinesepeopletendtoaskaboutage,martialstatus,andevensalarywhenfirstmeetingoneanother?Tothem,theseareopenconversationaltopics.Knowingaperson’sagehelpsthemuseappropriatetermsofaddress.AndChinesepeoplepayalotofattentiontofamilylife,sonaturallytalkoffamilymembersfeaturesasacommontopic.Astosalary,sincethereisanationalsystemofsalaries,peopleusuallydon’tconsideritasecretandtheytalkaboutitopenly.4.WhatisthesignificanceofNonverbalCommunication?Nonverbalbehaviorisasignificantareaofcommunicationstudyforatleastthreereasons.Nonverbalbehavioraccountsformuchofthemeaningwegetfromconversations.Nonverbalbehaviorspontaneouslyreflectsthesubconsciousness.Wecannotavoidcommunicatingthroughnonverbalsignals.Besides,nonverbalbehaviorissignificantbecausenonverbalcommunicationcanbeopentomanyinterpretations.5.Explainhigh-contextcultureandlow-contextculture..High-contextculture：it'sakindofcultureinwhichpeopleareveryhomogeneouswithregardtoexperiences,informationnetworks,andthelike,e.g.Chinese,Japanese.Low-contextculture：it'sakindofcultureinwhichthepopulationislesshomogeneousandthereforetendstocompartmentalizeinterpersonalcontacts,e.g.American,German.