垂直流人工湿地的设计及净化功能初探张洪刚

:1007-4929(2006)06-0031-04张洪刚,马安娜,洪剑明(,100037)　　　:阐述了垂直流人工湿地小试系统的设计方法,并对其净化效果进行了初步的测试。垂直流人工湿地由下行流和上行流方式的2池组成,分别栽种了芦苇,香蒲,水葱,茭白,慈菇和菖蒲6种湿地植物。试验结果表明垂直流人工湿地能较好地改善水质,对NH4-N、TN、TP、CODCr的平均去除率都达到了55%以上。各系统对污染物的去除作用无明显差异,出水中NO3-N的浓度与进水相比降低不明显,而NH4-N的去除率却很高,表明系统中硝化作用较强。本试验说明垂直流人工湿地系统能较好地改善水质,是一种有效的污水处理技术,对水体水质改善和水生态系恢复具有重要意义。　　:人工湿地;垂直流;湿地植物;下行-上行流　　:X52　　　:APreliminaryResearchontheDesignandPurificationPerformanceofVerticalFlowConstructedWetlandZHANGHong-gang,MAAn-na,HONGJian-ming(CollegeofLifeScience,CapitalNormalUniversity,Beijing100037)Abstract:Thedesignmethodofsmall-scaleverticalflowconstructedwetlandwasexpoundedanditspurificationeffectwastestedpreliminarilyinthispaper.Thesystemwascomprisedoftwochambers.Onechamberinduceddownward-flow,theothercreatedup-ward-flow.Sixkindsofwetplants,includephragmitescommunis,typhaorientalis,scirpustabernaemontani,zizaniacaduciflora,sag-ittariasagittifoliaandacoruscalamus,weretransplanted,respectively.Thetestresultsshowedthattheverticalflowconstructedwetlandcouldimprovewaterqualityandhadanaveragepurificationefficiencymorethanof55%forNH4-N,TN,TPandCODCr.Allthetreamentshadnoobviousdifferenceforremovingcontaminants.Concentrationsofnitrate(NO3-N)ineffluentswerenotde-creasedobviouslythanthoseininfluent,buttheremovingefficiencyforNH4-Nwasveryhigh.Thisindicatedthatnitrificationintheconstructedwetlandwasintensive.Theresearchresultprovedthattheverticalconstructedwetlandwasaneffectivetechnologytopurifywaterqualityandrehabilitateaquaticecosystems.Keywords:constructedwetland;verticalflow;wetlandplants;downwardflow-upwardflow0　　,。,。、。1974Othfrensen[1]。:2006-03-16:。:(1980-),,,。:(1962-),,,。31节水灌溉2006年第6期　　,,,[2]。、。-,,。,,,。1　1.1　,257.66m2,26.7m,9.65m,1.2m,,,1。1　1.1.1　4。,8.7m、2m、1m。,38m,2.4m,1.2m,;37.5m,2.2m,1.1m,、、。,,。,,。,。1.1.2　20cm、10～20cm,30cm。,5cm1～2cm,20cm。1.1.3　,。,。,、,,,,1。1　1-A1-B1-C2-A2-B2-C　　1-A2-APVC(A),1-B2-BPVC(B),1-C2-CPVC(C),3。1.2　,50mmPVC。150mm,340mm。(6mm),。“”,,;-20cm。-。,,;,,,。,2～3。,,,。2,3d。14d,,,、。1.3　,、,。2。2　()/℃27.15NO3-N/(mgL-1)6.45pH8.88TN/(mgL-1)24.0COD/(mgL-1)193.0TP/(mgL-1)2.5NH4-N/(mgL-1)1.34/(mgL-1)10.141.4　20057200510,。:①、、pH、、N(Hydrolab)、(UC-12);②();③P()、(-)《》[3]。32垂直流人工湿地的设计及净化功能初探　　张洪刚　马安娜　洪剑明2　2.1　616,6,:、、、、、,,,。,10cm,,,。10,。、,11。,,,。2.2　。,--、,、、、、,,,,。2.2.1　、、pH20057200510,、、pH9,2。2　2:,,,,。pH8.88,,pH,,pH。,,。、,(P0.05)O2。ABC(P0.05)。2.2.2　CODcrTN、TP20057200510,CODcr(TN)(TP),3。3　CODcr、N、P3,CODcr、TNTP,,,33垂直流人工湿地的设计及净化功能初探　　张洪刚　马安娜　洪剑明CODcr,CODcr28%,80%。CODcr,CODcr、、,、,[4]。,N、P(3)。N,,、、。、[5]。,,,。,、,[6]。,。,85%[6,7]。C(-)N97%,TN0.6673mg/L,(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ。P、[8,9]。P,。P。,TP,P,TP72.3%,93.7%。TP0.2297mg/L(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ～Ⅳ。,,N、P,。,NH4-N55.5%,0.19mg/LⅡ;NO3-NNO3-N,,[10],,[11]。T,(P0.05)。,,。,。3　　-N、P,、,,。,,,,。,、、,,。,,。,,。,,、、,。:[1]　,.[J].,2002,22(2):76-79.[2]　CooperPF,GreenB.Reedbedtreatmentsystemsforsewagetreatmentintheunitedkingdom-Thefirst10years'experience[J].WaterScienceTechnology,1995,32(3):317-327.[3]　ChineseEPA().1989MethodsofWaterandWastwaterDetermination.4thedit[M].Beijing:ChinaEnviron-mentalSciencePress(inChinese),2002.[4]　LiuJiabao,TangXiaobin,MoFengluan.Studyonwastewaterpur-ificationefficiencyofverticalflowconstructedwetlandsystems[J].Researchofenvironmentalsciences,2005,18(6):68-71.[5]　ZhangJun,ZhouQi,HeRong.Mechanismofnitrogenandphos-phorusremovalinfree-watersurfaceconstructedwetland[J].EcologyandEnvironment,2004,13(1):98-101.[6]　HeFeng,WuZhenbin,Taojing,etal.Nitrificationanddenitri-ficationintheintegratedverticalflowconstructedwetlands[J].Environmentalscience,2005,26(1):47-50.[7]　AlbertJO.Nitrogenremovalinconstructedwetlandstreatingni-trifledmeatprocessingeffluent[J].Waterscienceandtechnolo-gy,1995,32(3):137-147.[8]　Sakadevank,BavorHJ.Phosphateadsorptioncharacteristicsofsoils,slagandzeolitetobeusedassubstratesinconstructedwet-landsystems[J].WaterResearch,1998,32(2):393-399.[9]　DunneEJ,CulletonN,DonovanGO,etal.Phosphorusreten-tionandsorptionbyconstructedwetlandsoilinSoutheastIreland[J].WaterResearch,2005,39:4355-4362.[10]　WhitneyD,RossmanA,HadenN.Evaluatinganexistingsub-surfaceflowconstructedwetlandinAkumal,Mexico[J].Ecolog-icalEngineering,2003,20:105-111.[11]　AchintyaN,Bezbaruah,TianCZhang.Quantificationofoxygenreleasebybulrush(Scirpusvalidus)rootsinaconstructedtreat-mentwetland[J].BiotechnologyandBioengineering,2005,89(3):308-318.34垂直流人工湿地的设计及净化功能初探　　张洪刚　马安娜　洪剑明