从污水中技术回收氮不具经济性郝晓地

—100044。。、。、。。、78%。。。。TU992B1000－4602201720－0028－0651578036“”2017NitrogenＲecoveryfromWastewaterNoBenefitinEconomyHAOXiao-diLIJiLIShuangCAODa-qiSino-DutchＲ＆DCentreforFutureWastewaterTreatmentTechnologiesKeyLaboratoryofUrbanStormwaterSystemandWaterEnvironment＜MinistryofEducation＞BeijingUniversityofCivilEngineeringandArchitectureBeijing100044ChinaAbstractThevariationofconceptaboutwastewaterfromwastetoresourceuntilallelementsareattemptedtoberecoveredhaspassedalmostahalfcentury．Thechangeisdefinitelybasedongraduallydenyingthemodernpatternofhumandevelopmentandturningtosetupamoresustainablepattern．Asaresultrecoveringresourceandenergyfromwastewaterhasbecomeathemegloballyfordevelopingthetechnologiesofwastewatertreatmentnowadays．Andphosphorusrecoveryandcarbon-neutraloperationaretwohottopicsfocusedallovertheworld．Howeverrecoveringallelementsfromwastewaterissome-timesmentionedbysomedomesticexpertsandevennitrogenrecoveryiscomparabletophosphorusre-covery．ActuallytheoriginandfateofphosphorusaretotallydifferentfromthoseofnitrogentheformercomesfromP-minesandgraduallyflowsintotheoceanafterusagethelatteroriginsfromandreturnstotheatmospherewithrenewableN2upto78%inthecomposition．ObviouslythefeasibilityofN-re-coveryineconomyneedstobeevaluatedbeforetakingaction．Afterevaluatingavailabletechnologiesre-coveringnitrogenandcomparingthemwithindustrialsyntheticammoniaprocessforproducingnitrogen·82·3320201710CHINAWATEＲ＆WASTEWATEＲVol．33No．20Oct．2017fertilizeritisconfirmedthattechnicalN-recoveryisnoteconomicalandactuallyisnoturgenteither．ThemosteconomicalN-recoverywithlittletechnicalinputshouldinfactbewastewaterirrigationwhichisbeingabandonedbyfarmersandgovernments．Keywordsnitrogenremovalfromwastewaternitrogenrecoveryindustrialsyntheticammo-niaeconomicbenefitstruvitewastewaterirrigation。“”“”。、。10012。。N278%、/、ANAMMOX34。“”。。。“”。1———“”56。/、、、。、、。。。、。。、NH+4、NH+4NO－3。2———NH3NH3。NH+4+OH－NH3+H2O1pHNH+4NH37。pHNH3。NH389。110。1Fig．1Flowsheetofammoniastrippingforrecoveringnitrogenfromdigestionsupernatantofpigslurry·92·．watergasheat．com3320NH3NH3NH3=NH3+NH+41+H+Ka=NH3+NH+41+10pKa－pH22pKa711pKa=4×10－8T3+9×10－5T2－0．0356T+10．07232、3pH2。pH≥11、5℃92%pH=755℃3．9%。pH、、1213。2pH、Fig．2DissociationratesofammoniaatdifferentpHsandtemperatures14。pH=7．5、=20℃1．3%。pH。2=20℃pH9．010．028．6%80．1%。10。pH9．020℃55℃80．2%。。NH3。pH=9．0、30℃40%NH325±5．5/kgN5/m3500mgNH+4－N/L1012。NH32000/t2．4/kgN10。。60%。NH+4。、。NH320。3——————NH+4。、。3.1NH+4、。Mg2+、Mg2+、NH+4、PO3－4MgNH4PO4·6H2OMAP15。pH、NH+4、Ca2+Mg2+。pH、pH≤7．515。pH15·03·3320．watergasheat．com。“”。。100%NH+4106．1mg/L、PO3－4－P37．2mg/L、1。163/kgN117/kgN124/kgN1416。11tMAPTab．1CalculatingthecostsofnitrogenrecoverytowardsMAPbydifferentchemicalprecipitationmethods/kg·t－1/·t－1/·t－1/·t－1/·t－1/·t－1Na2HPO4·12H2O98%1．9MgSO4·7H2O2．2NaOH1．813．99——0．214．19Na2HPO4·12H2O98%1．9MgSO4·7H2O2．28．951．0—0．210．15Na2HPO4·12H2O98%1．97．411．220．210．81Na2HPO4·12H2O、MgSO4·7H2O、NaOH3900/t、700/t2800/t。550/t16P2O529%N5．7%66/kgN。1100/kgN。。。PO3－4。。3.2NH+417NH+41819NH+4。、NH+4。NH4NO317．2±2．0/kgN17192．43/kgN。3.3ＲONH+4NH+4、20。EDNH+4。NH+43。3NH+4Fig．3Flowchartofammoniarecoveryfromurinebyelectrodialysismembranemethod、·13·．watergasheat．com3320。、ＲONH+48%20ED12%～13%NH+4。、180±6．0/kgN4．5/t100%25mgN/L2075。21。4———。、、“”。。30%EPSEPS30%10%TN2%TN60%、20%、20%。、、22。4“”22。60/kgN7．2/kg75%16%96．5/kgN36．5/kgN。85．3/kgN40%56．5/kgN141．8/kgN23。4Fig．4ProcessschemeofthepossibleintegrationofH2-basedbiorefinerywithintheusedwaterfactory5/。/、ANAM-MOXN2。/。、。。/。。。·23·3320．watergasheat．com、。1．M．2011．2vanLoosdrechtMCM．J．201733835－42．3CoppensJMeersEBoonNetal．FollowtheNandProadHigh-resolutionnutrientflowanalysisoftheFlan-dersregionasprecursorforsustainableresourcemanage-mentJ．ＲesourConservＲecycl20161159－21．4vanHulleSWHVandeweyerHJPMeesschaertBDetal．EngineeringaspectsandpracticalapplicationofautotrophicnitrogenremovalfromnitrogenrichstreamsJ．ChemEngJ20101621－20．5．J．201531201－8．6．－M．2006．7AugustBXavierF．Airstrippingofammoniafrompigslurrycharacterisationandfeasibilityasapre-orpost-treatmenttomesophilicanaerobicdigestionJ．WasteManage2003233261－272．8ZhangLLeeYJahngD．Ammoniastrippingforen-hancedbiomethanizationofpiggerywastewaterJ．JHazardMater2012199/20036－42．9．D．2015．10．D．2014．11LideDＲ．CＲCHandbookofChemistryandPhysicsAＲeady-referenceBookofChemicalandPhysicalDataM．BocaＲatonCＲCPress1993．12．J．20161052291－2296．13．J．2006221792－95．14．D．2006．15HaoXDWangCCvanLoosdrechtMCMetal．Loo-kingbeyondstruviteforP-recoveryJ．EnvironSciTechnol201347104965－4966．16．D．2014．17．J．2011371134－37．18．J．20082881618－1624．19WenTZhangXZhangHQetal．AmmoniumremovalfromaqueoussolutionsbyzeoliteadsorptiontogetherwithchemicalprecipitationJ．WaterSciTechnol20106181941－1947．20．J．2015418103－106．21LutherAKDeslooverJFennellDEetal．Electro-chemicallydrivenextractionandrecoveryofammoniafromhumanurineJ．WaterＲes201587367－377．22MatassaSBoonNVerstraeteW．Ｒesourcerecoveryfromusedwaterthemanufacturingabilitiesofhydro-gen-oxidizingbacteriaJ．WaterＲes201568467－478．23MatassaSVerstraeteWPikaarIetal．Autotrophicni-trogenassimilationandcarboncaptureformicrobialpro-teinproductionbyan