大庆油田含油污水回用膜处理技术的优化试验研究

国内图书分类号：X703国际图书分类号：628.25硕士学位论文（工程硕士）大庆油田含油污水回用膜处理技术的优化试验研究研究生：金彦雄导师：杨基先教授申请学位：工程硕士工程领域：环境工程所在单位：大庆油田工程有限公司答辩日期：2011年3月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:X703U.D.C:628.25DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringTHEOPTIMIZEDRESEARCHOFMEMBRANETREATMENTINRESUEDWATEROFDAQINGOILFIELDCandidate:Supervisor:AcademicDegreeAppliedfor:Speciality:Affiliation：DateofDefence:Degree-Conferring-Institution:JinYanxiongProf.YangJixianMasterofEngineeringEnvironmentalengineeringProvinceofDaQingoilfieldMarch,2011HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文摘要随着油田开发进入中后期，三次采油开发的逐渐深入，聚驱清水的用量达到了较高水平，油层开采对象日益复杂，对回注水的水质要求也更加严格。国内各油田在采出水处理方面开展了大量的工作。目前回注水处理的常规流程是缓冲调节→沉降分离除油→压力过滤“三段法”。此法基本满足中高渗透油层注水开发需要，但由于压力过滤设备使用寿命短、工艺技术不尽完善、化学药剂的现场适应性差等问题，对于中、低渗透油层水质难以达标。且由于地层的复杂多变和采出水成分日趋复杂，尚有一些关键性问题仍没有很好解决，尤其是对低渗透油田精细水的处理。为了满足特低渗透油层开发的需要，大庆油田需要对油田采出水进行深度处理，使其达到特低渗透油层注水水质“5.1.1”要求。为此，本课题特开展过滤精度高的膜过滤技术试验研究。本研究在采油五厂杏十五-1进行了MT线盒式纤维过滤器、双层膨胀膜及震动膜的现场试验确定了MT线盒式纤维过滤器的通量为1.4m³/h·m²，过滤周期为22h，清洗强度0.11L/s·cm²，清洗时间为5min，再生恢复率95.6%，处理每方水主体设备运行费用为0.46元；双层膨胀膜通量为4.1m³/h·m²，过滤周期为24h，反冲洗强度8.0L/s·m²，冲洗时间为15min，再生恢复率95.4%，处理每方水主体设备运行费用为0.58元；震动膜通量为0.14m³/h·m²，过滤周期为48h，清洗时间为90min，排污时间为12min，排污量为6.0L，再生恢复率98.6%，处理每方水主体设备运行费用为3.37元。在过滤进水为二次双向过滤器滤后出水及一次核桃壳过滤器滤后出水时，即来水水质达到低渗透“8、3、2”以下，经三种膜处理，均达到了特低渗透油层注水水质指标“5、1、1”要求。且MT线盒式纤维过滤器具有设备体积小、自耗水量小及主体设备运行费用低的特点，建议在两级粒状滤料过滤器后进行工业化应用。关键词：含油污水；油田注水；过滤；膜处理--I哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文AbstractWiththeimprovmentofoilfielddevelopment,thewatertreatmentbecomesaseriousproblemandthequalityofreinjectionwaterneedstobeupgraded.Manytechnicalresearcheshavebeencarriedoutinalmostallthedomesticoilfields.TheconventionaltreatmentofreinjectionwaterisTHREE-PHASESmethod,whichisshownas:bufferregulating-settlingseperation-pressurefiltration.Thisconventionalmethodcanmakethetreatedproducedwatermeettheneedofmedium-to-highpermeabilityreservoirsbutnotthemedium-to-lowones,becausethismethodstillhassomedefectsintechnology,suchasshortlifespanofpressurefilteringequipmentandthebadadaptabilityofchemicalagentonoilfieldsite,etc.Furthermore,thereservoirconditionandtheproducedwaterbecomemoreandmorecomplicatedandvariable,somemainproblemsofwatertreatmentshouldbesolved,especiallyinlowpermeabilityoilfield.Tomeetthespecialneedsofdevelopinglowpermeabilityreservoirs,Daqingoilfieldshouldtreatproducedwatertoreachtherequirementsofthelowpermeabilityreservoirwaterqualityindicatior“5,1,1”.Therefore,thesubjectonhighprecisionmembranefiltrationtechnologywascarriedout.MTcableboxfilter,double-expansionmembraneandvibratingmembranetesthadbeencarriedout.It’sshowedthat,toMTcableboxfilter,thefluxwas1.4m³/h•m²;Thefiltrationcyclewas22h;Thecleaningstrengthwas0.11L/s•cm²;Thecleaningtimewas5min;Therecyclingrecoveryratewas95.6%;Therunningcostsofmainequipmentwas0.46yuan/m³.Todouble-expansionmembrane,thefluxwas4.1m³/h•m²;Thefiltrationcyclewas24h;Thebackwashingstrengthwas8.0L/s·m²;Thecleaningtimewas15min;Therecyclingrecoveryratewas95.4%;Therunningcostsofmainequipmentwas0.58yuan/m³;Tovibratingmembrane,thefluxwas0.14m³/h•m²;Thecirculatingwaterflowwas190m³/h;Thefiltrationcyclewas48h;Thecleaningtimewas90min;Thedischargetimewas12h;Thesewagevolumewas6.0L;Therecyclingrecoveryratewas98.6%;Therunningcostsofmainequipmentwas3.37yuan/m³.Whenfilteredinfluentwasthesecondtwo-wayfilterwatereffluentanda--II哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文walnutshellfiltereffluent,waterqualityreachedtherequirementsofthelowpermeabilityreservoirwaterqualityindicatior“5,1,1”withthefourkindsofmembranetreatment.AndMTlinefiberfiltercartridgedevicesaresmall,lowwaterconsumptionandlowrunningcosts.It’sproposedMTlinefiberfiltercartridgedevicescanbeuesdforindustrialfilterapplicationsaftertwogranularfiltermedia.Keywords：oilsewage；oilfieldwaterinjection；filtering；membranetreatment--III哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文目录摘要...................................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................................II第1章绪论.........................................................................................................11.1课题研究背景............................................................................................11.2膜分离技术................................................................................................31.2.1膜技术概况.........................................................................................31.2.2膜分离的原理.....................................................................................51.2.3膜分离技术的特点.............................................................................61.2.4膜分离技术在油田含油污水处理中的应用......................................61.2.5膜分离技术在处理油田含油污水应用中存在的问题.......................71.3研究目的与意义........................................................................................81.4主要研究内容............................................................................................91.4.1主要研究内容.....................................................................................91.4.2技术指标............................................