大型浅水富营养化湖泊中蓝藻水华形成机理的思考

25320053ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.25,No.3Mar.,2005孔繁翔,高　光(,210008):(2002CB412305);(40471045);;:2004-05-01;:2005-01-15:(1957),,,,,.E-mail:[e-mail]:,,Foundationitem:StateKeyBasicResearchandDevelopmentPlan(No.2002CB412305);TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(No.40471045);TheOne-Hundred-ScientistProgramofCASReceiveddate:2004-05-01;Accepteddate:2005-01-15Biography:KONGFan-Xiang,Ph.D.,Professor,mainlyengagedinenvironmentalbiology.E-mail:[e-mail]:,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,()4,,;,,,,,,,,:;;;Hypothesisoncyanobacteriabloom-formingmechanisminlargeshalloweutrophiclakesKONGFan-Xiang,GAOGuang(NanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2005,25(3):589595.Abstract:EutrophicationinChineselakesisoneofthemostseriouswater-pollutionproblemspresentandwillstillbeinthenearfuture.Itisveryimportanttoforecasttheoccurrenceofcyanobacteriabloominlakesandthenfindawaytoreduceitsimpactontheenvironment.Therefore,itisnecessarytogetcomprehensiveknowledgeaboutthecyanobacteriabloom-formingmechanismineutrophiclakes.Theaimofthispaperistoexplorethebloom-formingmechanismbasedonthepastandpresentresearchworksaboutthedevelopmentofwaterbloominaquaticecosystems.Wetriedtoexpoundthedominantphysical,chemicalandbiologicalfactorsthatmightinducetheformationofwaterbloom.Wealsodiscussedthereasonwhycyanobacteria,especialMicrocystis,becomethedominantspeciesinphytoplanktoncommunity.OurdiscussionconsideredthatthehighnutrientlevelisjustoneofthefactorsthatcontrolthewaterbloomformationinTaihuLake.Wesuggestedthatthefutureresearchshoulddealwithnotonlythecyanobacteriabloomoccurringperiodinsummerbutalsothecolonyaccumulatingandsettlingprocesstothesedimentsurfaceinautumnandtherecruitingprocessinspring.Wealsosuggestedthefurtherinvestigationthatshouldbeinterestedforus:(1)Whatistheover-winteringsurvivalstrategyofMicrocystis?(2)Whatisthecolonycompositionreallylike?(3)HowdoestheMicrocystisturnfromsmallsizewithonlyacoupleofindividualcellsintolargesizewithhundredsofcells,thenconglutinatedtogetherbysheathtoformwaterbloom?(4)Howdoesthealgaobtainthethresholdvalvethatinduceitsrecruitmentinspring?(5)Whatisthebiochemicalandphysiologicalcharactersthatmakecyanobacteriadominatedinphytoplanktoncommunity?Weconsideredthattheoutbreakofabloominshorttimeisjustanapparentphenomena.Infact,thebloomistheresultofavariationofverticalpositionoflargevolumeofalgalbiomassthatisgraduallydevelopedandaccumulatedforlongtime.AccordingtotheecologicaltheoryandtheinsituobservationofthewaterbloominTaihuLake,weraisedthefour-phasedevelopmenthypothesisontheprocessofthecyanobacteriabloom-forming:dormancyinwinter,recruitmentinspring,growthandfloattothewatersurfaceinsummerandsinktothesedimentinautumn.Therearedifferentfactorsthatwillinfluencethestatusofalgaeindifferentphases.Forexample,inthedormancyphases,itislikelytobecontrolledbylowtemperatureandillumination;andduringtherecruitment;themainfactorsmaybethetemperatureanddissolveoxygenonthesedimentsurface.Inaddition,thealgalgrowthrateiscontrolledbythenutrientandenergyneededforphotosynthesisandcelldivision.Weconcludedthat(1)thehydrologicalandmeteorologicalconditionwouldcausethealgaetofloatuptothewatersurfaceandthenformthewaterbloom;(2)thefurtherpertinencesurveyisnecessarytocontrolthecyanobacteriabloombeforeitstartstorecruit,developandbloom.Keywords:hypothesis;largeshallowlakes;cyanobacteriabloom-forming;mechanism:1000-0933(2005)03-0589-07:Q948,X17:A,(OECD),[1],2030a,[2][3]:66%,22%,,,,[4],,,,[5],a(Chla)10mg/m3,(Microcystis)[6],[79],,,[5],,,,,,,,1,,?,?,[10]1.1[11],[5],,3035[11],26,[12],(),(500600nm),59025,[5],,,,[13],,,[5],[14],,;,,,,[15,16]1.2,,,,,[17],(TNTP)[18],TNTP29,[19],:TNTP,,TNTP,[20]0.01mg/L,[21],0.030.07mg/L[22],,,,,,,[15],,Odum,,,,,,,,:(Vmax)[23],(24)[24][25],,,,,,-,[26],,[27,28],,(Microcystisaeruginosa)[29]1.3,,,,[30],,,:,[31],[32];,,,,,,[33],,,:,,,,,,,,,,23h,[34],,,,,,[35,36],,,5913:,[37](akinetes),,,,,,,,,,Kamermans[38],FallonMendota,,4cm[39]Tsujimura,,(LakeBiwa),,[40],;,,,,[41],,,,,[42],[43],50m,,[44],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Burkert[45],,,,,,;Jang[46],3,,;,,,,306022.1,,,,,,,,,,,59225,,,,2003,8385,,,,,,,[47],,,,,,,,,,,??,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,4,(1),,4,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,1Table1Thedominatingfactorsthatinfluencethegrowthofcyanobacteriaanddevelopmentofbloomindifferentphases()timeThephasesoflifeCharactersoflifeThedominatingfactorstocontrol112Nov.Feb.(?)Feeble,dormancy(?)(?)Metabolismhalt(?)Lowtemperatureanddark34Mar.Apr.Recruitment,Recruitmentofphysiologicalandbiochemicalactivity;formationofcolonyTemperature,dissolveoxygen,andnutrients49Apr.Sep.BiomassincreasePhotosynthesis,cellmultiplicationEenergyandmaterialneededforphotosynthesis510MayOct.FloatandassembleonthesurfaceofthewaterGasvesicleandmucilageWeatherandhydrologicalcondition2.2,::5933:???????,,,References:[1]OECD.EutrophicationofWaters.Monitoring,AssessmentandControl.FinalReport,OECDCooperativeProgramonMonitoringofInlandWaters(EutrophicationControl),EnvironmentDirectorate,OECD,Paris,1982.154.[2]RydingSOandRastW.Thecontrolofeutrophicat