丹江口水库水体富营养化生态修复对策初探汤显强

　19Z2201012ResourcesandEnvironmentintheYangtzeBasinVol.19Supp.2Dec.2010　　　:1004-8227(2010)Z2-0165-07汤显强1,杨文俊2,尹　炜3,金　峰1,叶　闽3(1.,430010;2.,430010;3.,430051)　:。,,,,,,。,、,、、、、、,、,。:;;;:A1　,。2004～2005、、:Ⅰ,0.73～2.22mg/L,ⅤⅤ,[1]。,、,、、、、、、、[1]。,[2],,25%,50%[3]。,,、、。,,。、,、,。、、、,、,。2　、,。,,。、、、,(、)、、、、[4,5]。:2010-05-14;:2010-06-17:“”;“”:(1981～　),,,,,.E-mail:[e-mail]2.1　2070,(RiparianZone/Area)。、、、[6]。(US-DA)1991,85%,[7]。PeterjohnCorrell89%80%[8]。,、、、。,、,、、,[9,10]。,,290m92%65%;4m64%92%,、、、,[11]。,,90%,,85%[12]。2.2　,、[13,14]。、,、,[15]。80%～99%[16],、。,50%[17,18]。,[16]。,、、、、,[19～21]。、,。,25.047.68[22],13.389.29[23]。,“”“”,,[6]。,、、[24]。,,,415.59%23.44%[25]。2.3　,,,[26]。,。pH,[27]。,pH4pH577.75%78.30%,70.02%73.52%,pH(5pH9)[28]。、、,[29]。30℃10℃20℃[28]。,60%25%,23%20%[30]。,,-2～10℃,、94.04%95.46%,,0.1,0.4,1.6mg/L,87.0%,96.8%99.0%[31]。2.4　、、,、,。,,166　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　19　、“”,,[32]。,,,[33]。、、、20mg/L,371.43μg/(d.g)362.62μg/(d.g),,93.11μg/(d.g),1.71.8[33]。、。,,;70.55%。,,[34]。,。,。,=。,,3.57mg/g4.84mg/g,35.57%[35]。2.5　、、,,。,、、、、,97.14%(7.12mg/L),,,[36]。、,29.8%57.9%,,10℃,0.6%4.2%(5℃)[37]。,1.1～2.30.2～0.4mg/L,50%74%,,、[38]。,、、、、、、,2.30.35mg/L1.740.18mg/L[39]。2.6　,,、,,。、、[40,41],BenndorfPǜtz、、,[42,43]。,[44]。、,、,。34%～64%22%～46%[40];,80%SRP(),,,25%[45],。,、。2090,,,[46]。,133.3m3150000t,96～160t11～19t[47]。,,、、,,、0.89～3.25、0.05～0.1610～65mg/L;、、65.1%、45.3%62.9%;,、4.24～11.84、0.11～2.25150～546mg/L,、、167　Z2　　　　　　　　　:91.7%、96.2%96.8%[48]。3　　　、、、、、。,,、;、、、;,、、、,。,,,。,、、、,1。,、、、、,、()。,。、、、,、。,、、,、、。1　Tab.1　ComparisonofDifferentEutrophicWaterEcologicalRestorationMethods、、、、、,,,、、、、、、、、、,,,、、,、、、,,,、,、,、、、,,,,3m,,,、、、、、,、,、、——、、,、、4　,、、。,,。,,,,,。,、,、,1。,、、、(168　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　19　1　Fig.1　SchemeforEcologicalFiltrationandPurificationDam),:(1),,、,;(2),、、,;(3),,;(4),,,。,,,,、;(5),,。5　,,、,,、。,,:(1),。(2)、,。(3),,。(4)、、,,。:[1]　,.[J].,2008,3:1～4.[2]　,.[J].,2007,5(2):50～52.[3]　　,,　,.[J].,2008,39(23):80～83.[4]　　,,　,..[J],2008,17(5):780～784.[5]　,,,.[J].,2006,20(6):192～198.[6]　NILSSONC,BERGGREAK.Alterationsofriparianecosys-temscausedbyriverregulation[J].Bioscience,2000,50(9):783～793.[7]　NARUMALANIS,ZHOUY,JENSENJR.Applicationofremotesensingandgeographicinformationsystemstothede-lineationandanalysisofriparianbufferzones[J].AquaticBot-any,1997,58(3-4):393～409.[8]　PETERJOHNWT,CORRELLDL.Nutrientdynamicsinanagriculturalwatershed:Observationsontheroleofariparianforest[J].Ecology,1984,65(5):1466～1475.[9]　　,,.[J].,2008,20(1):5～8.[10]　,,　,.[J].,2007,18(11),2611～2617.[11]　,,.[J].,1995,6(1):76～80.[12]　,　,　.[J].,2007,27(7):2812～2822.[13]　VYMAZALJ.Removalofnutrientsinvarioustypesofcon-structedwetlands[J].ScienceofTotalEnvironment,2007,380(1-3):48～65.[14]　,.[J].,2007,33(2):9～13.[15]　FRASERLH,CARTYSM,STEERD.Atestoffourplantspeciestoreducetotalnitrogenandtotalphosphorusfromsoil169　Z2　　　　　　　　　:leachateinsubsurfacewetlandmicrocosms[J].BioresourceTechnology,2004,94(2):185～192.[16]　LILF,LIYH,BISWASDK,etal.Potentialofconstructedwetlandsintreatingtheeutrophicwater:EvidencefromTaihuLakeofChina[J].BioresourceTechnology,2008,99(6):1656～1663.[17]　CONLEYL,DICKR,LIONL.Anassessmentoftherootzonemethodofwastewatertreatment[J].ResearchJournalofWaterPollutionControlFederal,1991,3(5):239～247.[18]　VERHOEVENJTA,MEULEMANAFM.Wetlandsforwastewatertreatment:Opportunitiesandlimitations[J].Ec-ologicalEngineering,1999,12(1-2):5～12.[19]　VYMAZALJ.Theuseofsub-surfaceconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentintheCzechRepublic:10yearsex-perience[J].EcologicalEngineering,2002,18(5):633～646.[20]　NIVALAJ,HOOSMB,CROSSC,etal.Treatmentofland-fillleachateusinganaerated,horizontalsubsurface-flowcon-structedwetland[J].ScienceofTotalEnvironment,2007,380(1-3):19～27.[21]　OUELLET-PLAMONDONC,CHAZARENCF,COMEAUY,etal.Artificialaerationtoincreasepollutantremovaleffi-ciencyofconstructedwetlandsincoldclimate[J].EcologicalEngineering,2006,27(3):258～264.[22]　LEONARDKM,KEYSP,SRIKANTHANR.Acompari-sonofnitrificationperformanceingravity-flowandreciproca-tingconstructedwetlands[M]//BREBBIACA,ALMORZAD,SALESD(eds).WaterPollution.VII.Modeling,Meas-uringandPrediction.Southampton.UK:WITPress,2003:293～301.[23]　TANGXQ,HUANGSL,SCHOLZM.Nutrientremovalinwetlandsduringintermittentartificialaeration:Apilot-scalestudy[J].EnvironmentalEngineeringScience,2008,25(9):1279～1290.[24]　TANGXQ,HUANGSL,NGCO,etal.Enhancementofnitrogenandphosphorusremovalinpilot-scaleverticalsub-surfaceflow-constructedwetlandsusingpolypropylenepellets[J].EnvironmentalEngineeringScience,2009,26(3):621～631.[25]　　,.[J].,2008,27(3):32～35.[26]　,,,.[J].(),2005,27(4):402～404.[27]　　,,,.[J].,2007,26(6):490～494.[28]　,,,.(Loliummulti-florum)———[J].(),2007,34(5):560～564.[29]　,,　,.[J].,2006,25(6):62～67.[30]　KORNERS,DASSK,VEENSTRAS,etal.TheeffectofpHvariationattheammonium/ammoniaequilibriuminwastewateranditstoxicitytoLemnagibba[J].AquaticBota-ny,2001,71(1):71～78.[31]　,,,.[J].,2007,21(6):96～99.[32]　.[J].,2005,9:41～43.[33]　　,,,.5[J].,2009,25(1):14～17.[34]　,,,.[J].,2007,16(6):796～800.[35]　,,　,.[J].,2006,32(6):13～16.[36]　,,.[J].,2008,11:43～44.[37]　　,,　,.-[J].,2005,28(3):58～62.[38]　,,,.[