氮素形态对中后期小麦根际土壤氮转化微生物及酶活性的影响王小纯

246201012JournalofSoilandWaterConservationVol.24No.6Dec.,2010　　　:2010-09-16　　:(30771266);(200803028)　　:(1966-),,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]　　:(1963-),,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]王小纯1,李高飞1,安帅1,熊淑萍2,马新明2(1.,450002;2.,450002):、34。,,:。、、、,14,;,,14,。、。,,NO-3,,,。:;;;;:S512.1;S154.2;S154.3　　　:A　　　:1009-2242(2010)06-0204-04EffectsofNitrogenFormsonRhizosphereMicroorganismsandSoilEnzymeActivityforNitrogenTransformofWheatCultivarduringElongationandGrainFillingStageWANGXiao-chun1,LIGao-fei1,ANShuai1,XIONGShu-ping2,MAXin-ming2(1.CollegeofLifeScience,Zhengzhou450002;2.CollegeofAgriculture,HenanAgriculturalUniversity,Zhengzhou450002)Abstract:Withpotexperiments,theeffectofthreenitrogenforms,nitrate(NaNO3),ammonia(NH4HCO3)andurea(NH2CONH2)onrhizospheremicroorganismsandsoilenzymeactivityfornitrogentransformofwheatcultivar(Yumai34)ofdifferentstagewasstudied.Theresultsindicatedasfollows:Therewereprominentdifferenceamongtheactivitiesofdifferentrhizospheremicroorganismsandsoilen-zymesfornitrogentransform,theactivityturnwas:Theactivityofbacterialofdenitrafication,nitrification,proteinase,sub-nitrificationandammonificationincreasedgraduallyfromelongationstage,wentuptomaxi-mumvalueonthe14thdayafterflowering,thenbegantodecrease.Incontrasttotheabove,theactivityofureasewasmaximumduringelongationstage,decreasedgraduallytotheminimumvalueonthe14thdayaf-terflowering,andthenincreasedalittle.Theeffectsofthreenitrogenformsonrhizospheremicroorganismsandsoilenzymeactivityfornitrogentransformweredependentonthephysiologicalspeciesofmicroorgan-ismsandthekindofenzyme.Basedonthecomprehensiveanalysis,ammoniacouldfacilitatethedecomposi-tionandutilizationoforganicnitrogen,facilitatethetransformofNH+4toNO-3,andinhibitedthelossnitro-geninducedbydenitrafication,andureahadabettereffects,nitratehadtheworsteffects.Keywords:wheat;nitrogenforms;rhizosphere;microorganismsfornitrogentransform;soilenzyme,40%[1]。,,,。[2-3]、[4];[5-6]。,,。,。。,、、[7-8]。--,,[9]。,()(),[10-11]。,、。,[12],,[13]。,,[14-15]。,(),、,。1　材料与方法1.1　2009-2010,。:14.29g/kg,1.50g/kg,57.17mg/kg,16.9mg/kg,195.95mg/kg。,30cm,38cm,20kg。34;(NaNO3)、(NH4HCO3)()。5.1g,K2O3.3g,P2O52.9g,、1,6∶4。1018,14,5,7。,。,15。1.2　1.2.1　土样采集　、、14d28d,10:00,5-25cm,。2mm,,,。1.2.2　微生物生理类群活性测定　,()[16];()[26]。,3。1.2.3　根际土壤酶活性　4g,。5g,[17]。,3。1.3　ExcelSPSS。1　2　2　结果与分析2.1　(),。1,,14,。。,;,;1428。2.2　,。2,,,14,,。,;14;28,。2056　　　　　:3　4　5　6　2.3　NO-2NO-3,。3,,;,14,,,,。2.4　N2N2O,,。4,,,14,1g6mg,,。,28。,1428。2.5　(、、)(Ni),,,。5,,1g1.6mg;,14,28,。,。,;14;28。2.6　、,N,。6,,,14(512.3～555.6μg/g·d),,。,。;1428。3　结语与讨论3.1　,:(3675.8μg/g·d)(729.3μg/g·d)(637.6μg/g·d)(350.4μg/g·d)(127.2g/g·d)(93.1μg/g·d)。、NH+4,NO-3,,NH+4NH+4NO-3,,NO-3,。[18],,NH+4。NO-3,;,。,。NO-3N2206　　　　　24N2O,,N2O、。5,39.5,。3.2　,、、、,14,,NO-3-N(10mg/g),,。[15],。,;14,,、,;28,,,。,,(5mg/g),,14,28。3.3　。,:(4816.9μg/g·d)(4810.7μg/g·d)(473.5μg/g·d);:(745.5μg/g·d)(744.6μg/g·d)(710.6μg/g·d);:(1044.8μg/g·d)(999.8μg/g·d)(946.1μg/g·d);:(371.8μg/g·d)(365.1μg/g·d)(314.2μg/g·d);:(142.2μg/g·d)(128.2μg/g·d)(110.5μg/g·d);:(76.1μg/g·d)(69.7μg/g·d)(64.5μg/g·d)。,、;,NO-3,;,。,,NO-3,,。、,28,5cm(15±2)℃,15-25cm(14.5±0.2)℃,2～3℃,[19]。,,、NO-3[23]。,,,,;。:[1]　ZhuZ.LossoffertilizerNfromtheplant-soilsystemandthestrategiesandtechniquesforitsreductioninChina[J].SoilEnvironmentalScience,2000,9:1-6.[2]　GilesJ.Nitrogenstudyfertilizesfearsofpollution[J].Nature,2005,433:791.[3]　BemanJM,ArrigoK,MatsonPM.Agriculturalrunofffuelslargephytoplanktonbloomsinvulnerableareasoftheocean[J].Nature,2005,434:211-214.[4]　,.[J].,1995,1(2):80-87.[5]　RamosC.Effectofagriculturalpracticesonthenitrogenlossesintheenvironment[M].TheNetherlands:KluwerAcademicPublishers,1996:355-361.[6]　StulenI,Perez-SobaM,DeKokLJ,etal.Impactofgaseousnitrogendepositiononplantfunctioning[J].NewPhytologist,1998,139:61-70.[7]　WalleyF,YatesT,vanGroeningenJW,etal.Relationshipsbetweensoilnitrogenavailabilityindices,yield,andnitrogenaccumulationofwheat[J].SoilScienceSocietyAmericanJournal,2002,66:1549-1561.[8]　BurgerM,JacksonLE.Plantandmicrobialnitrogenuseandturnover:rapidconversionofnitratetoammoniuminsoilwithroots[J].PlantandSoil,2004,266:289-301.[9]　,,.[J].,1999,8(3):203-207.[10]　,,,.[J].,2008,16(4):321-327.[11]　,,,.[J].,2006,17(6):1060-1064.下转第245页2076　　　　　::[1]　,,,.[J].,2008,24(7):25-28.[2]　AdelZT,AnyojiH,YasudaH.Fixedandvariablelightextinctioncoefficientsforestimatingplanttranspirationandsoile-vaporationunderirrigatedmaize[J].Agriculturalwatermanagement,2006,84:186-192.[3]　.[J].,1990,9(4):94-103.[4]　.[J].,2007,38(2):374-378.[5]　,,,.[J].,2006,29(4):523-526.[6]　,,,.[J].,1996,32(1):170-174.[7]　BerndtssonR,NcdomiK.Soilwaterandtemperaturepatternsinanariddesertdunesand[J].JournalofHydrology,1996,185:221-240.[8]　BerndtssonR,ChenH.Variabilityofsoilwatercontentalongatransectinadesertarea[J].JournalofAridEnviroment,1994,27:127-139.[9]　,,,.[J].,2005,25(2):243-248.[10]　,,,.[J].,2008,22(1):162-166.[11]　,,,.[J].,2005,25(2):243-248.[12]　,,.[J].,2007,15(6):44-47.[13]　,·,.[J].:,2005,22(1):87-90.[14]　,,,.[J].,2004,35(8):114-118.[15]　,,,.[J].,2007,23(10):6-13.[16]