低溶解氧条件下生物脱氮研究中的新现象胡林林

　2003,9(4):444～447　　ChinJApplEnvironBiol=ISSN1006-687X　2003-08-25　＊胡林林＊＊　王建龙　文湘华　钱易(　　100084)　;;;;;;OLAND(1136)CLC　X172IMPROVEMENTSONBIOLOGICALNITROGENREMOVALUNDERLOWDISSOLVEDOXYGENCONCENTRATION＊HULinlin＊＊,WANGJianlong,WENXianghua&QIANYi(StateJointKeyLabofEnvironmentSimulationandPollutionControl,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing　100084,China)Abstract　Inaerobicwastewatertreatmentprocess,lowdissolvedoxygen(DO)concentrationwasgenerallythoughttobeharmfultoaerobicmicroorganisms,especiallytonitrifyingmicrobes.Infact,ammoniumcouldbewellconvertedunderlowDOandlowDOconditioncouldobviouslyleadtoenergysaving.Inrecentyears,somenewphenomenawerefoundinnitro-genremovalreactorsoperatedatlowDOconcentration,suchassludgegranulation;short-cutnitrification-denitrification;simultaneousnitrification-denitrificationanddenitrificationbyautotrophicnitrifier.Thesephenomenawerevaluablebecausetheycouldgivenewmethodorsomeconveniencetonitrogenremovalprocess.Fig1,Tab1,Ref36Keywords　lowDO;nitrogenremoval;aerobicgranularsludge;short-cutnitrification-denitrification;simultaneousnitrifica-tion-denitrification;aerobicde-ammonification;OLANDCLC　X172　　,,.(DO),DO,;DO,,.DO2mgL-1,.DO,,.,DO,;,;,[1].,DO.:DO0.5mgL-1,;,[2].,DO0.5～1.0mgL-1,COD[3,4].,DO;[1,5]().,DO,,(sludgegranulation)、:2002-06-26　　:2002-10-21＊(No.59978020)　SupportedbytheNa-tionalNatureScienceFoundationofChina＊＊　Correspondingauthor(short-cutnitrification-denitrification)、(simultaneousnitrification-denitrification,SND).,,.1　,,,.SBRDO0.8mgL-1,[6].,;,,,,.MLSS2～4gL-1,,MLSS6～8gL-1[6～9].,.,,,.,,,.,COD、.Beun,DO40%,.,,,PHB(poly-3-hydroxybutyrate)[10].,,.DO,.,、.2　,.::2NH+4+3O2※2NO-2+4H++2H2O:Ammoniaoxidizer(Nitrosomonas,Ni-trosospira,Nitrosococcus):2NO-2+O2※2NO-3:Nitriteoxidizer(Nitrobacter,Nitro-spira),,.,25%40%.,,N:NH+4※HNO2※N2.,,,.,,.,..DO,[11].DO,,[2].DO,,,DO.,,,[12].DO.Bernet,DO0.5mgL-1,90%[13].,DO,[14].,.,、、,DO,[14～18].1:1　Tab1　Comparisonofdifferentmethodsforshort-cutnitrificationMethodPrincipleAdvantageDisadvantagePureammoniaoxidizercultivation-Fullnitrousnitrification,ExpensiveandunpracticalSHARONSHARONprocessAmmoniaoxidizerdominatesathightemperature,ContentdegreeofnitrousnitrificationandpracticalHighertemperatureisneededFreeammoniainhibitionFreeammoniainhibitnitriteoxidizerpHEasytorealizeNitriteoxidizercanrevivegraduallyLowDOinhibitionAmmoniaoxidizerdominatesatlowDOEasytocontrolHardtoreachfullnitrousnitrification3　(SND).,SND,.SND[19].SND,,.SND,:..,,、,SND,SND.,SND,()./,,[20].COD/N(10),,[21].SND,DO.DO,,.SBRDOSND,DO,DO[22].445　4:　　,,.PochanaSBR,SND95%,,SND[23,24].SND,,,.Collivignarelli[25].PuznavaDO,60%～70%[26].,.DO,,[27][28].4　,.,,,[29];,NO-2NH+3,N2[30];(:Nitrosomonaseuropaea、Nitrosomonaseutropha),DO.(aerobicde-am-monification)Hippen[31],,DO..NO-2NAD+,,1.1　NAD+[31]Fig1　NO-2reducedbyNAD+[31]　　Kuai[32]OLAND(oxygenlimitedautotrophicni-trificationdenitrification),.SBR,,“”.DO,,.,.OLAND,,OLAND.Helmer[33,34]DO(1mgL-1)60%.,,.16SrRNAamoA,,.,.Helmer,.DO,.,.:NH+4+2O2+0.83CH3OH→0.5N2+3.17H2O+H++0.83CO2;:NH+4+0.75O2→0.5N2+1.5H2O+H+C/N(、).,..,,.5　DO、.;SND[35,36];,.DO,,.,DO,.,,NO-2N2O,;,,.References1　PengDC,BernetN,DelgenesJP,MolettaR.SimultaneousorganiccarbonandnitrogenremovalinanSBRcontrolledatlowdissolvedoxy-genconcentration.JChemTechBiotech,2001,76:553～5582　HanakiK,WantawinC,OhgakiS.Nitrificationatlowlevelsofdis-solvedoxygenwithandwithoutorganicloadinginasuspended-growthreactor.WatRes,1990,24(3):297～3023　ZhuXJ(),GaoTY(),ZhouZY().FullscalestudyofnitrogenandphosphorusremovalbylowDOactivatedsludgeprocesses().Chinawaterandwastewater(),1997,13:12～154　ZhuJL()..Water&Wastewaterengineering(),1997,23(5):625　SperandioM,UrbainV,AudicJM,PaulE.Useofcarbondioxide446　　　　　　　　　　ChinJApplEnvironBiol　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　9evolutionratefordeterminingheterotrophicyieldandcharacterizingdenitrifyingbiomass.WatSciTech,1999,39(1):139～1466　PengDC,BernetN,DelgenesJP,MolettaR.Aerobicgranularsludge-acasereport.WatRes.1999,33(3):890～8937　MorgenrothE,SherdenT,vanLoosdrechtMCM,HeijnenJJ,WildererPA.Aerobicgranularsludgeinasequencingbatchreactor.WatSciTech,1997,31(12):139～1468　BeunJJ,HendriksA,vanLoosdrechtMCM,MorgenrothE,WildererPA,HeijnenJJ.AerobicgranulationinaSBRreactor.WatRes,1999,33(10):2283～22909　EttererT,WildererPA.Generationandpropertiesofaerobicgranularsludge.WatSciTech,2001,43(3):19～2610　BeunJJ,HeijnenJJ,vanLoosdrechtMCM.N-removalinagranu-larsludgesequencingbatchairliftreactor.BiotechBioeng.2001,75(1):82～9211　LaanbroekHJ,BodelierPLE,GerardsS.Oxygenconsumptionki-neticsofNitrosomonaseuropaeaandNitrobacterhamburgensisgrowninmixedcontinuouscultulesatdifferentoxygenconcentra-tions.ArchMicrobio,1994,161(2):156～16212　ShiYS().Nitrousbiologicalnitrogenremovaltechnology().Water&Wastewaterengineering(),2000,26(11):21～2413　BernetN,DangcongP,DelgenesJP,MolettaR.Nitrificationatlowoxygenconcentrationinbiofilmreator.JEnvEng2001,127(3):266～27114　GarridoJM,vanBenthumWAJ,vanLoosdrechtMCM,HeijnenJJ.Influenceofdissolvedoxygenconcentrationonnitriteaccumulationinabiofilmairliftsuspensionreactor.BiotechBioeng,1997,53(2):168～17815　KokufutaE,ShimohashiM,Nakamu