低温条件下的甲烷生成与嗜冷产甲烷古菌研究进展袁敏

:2009-03-25:(863)(2007AA100705);(2006Z07-004-02):　(1983-),,,。:,E-mail:[e-mail]袁　敏,胡国全(　,　610041)　:,。、。:;;;:Q91;S216.4　　:A　　:1000-1166(2009)03-0008-05ResearchProgressonMethanogenesisunderLow-temperatureConditionsandPsychrophilicMethanogens/YUANMin,HUGuo-quan/(BiogasInstituteoftheMinistryofAgriculture,KeyLaboratoryofEnergyMicrobiologyandApplication,Chengdu610041,China)Abstract:Thearticlesummarizesmethanogenesisunderlow-temperatureconditions,includingmethanogenesisinnaturalcoldenvironmentsandinartificialanaerobicdigestersbypsychrophilicmethanogen.Theisolationofpsychrophilicmethano-gens,themechanismsofcoldadaptation,andthemolecularbiology,werealsodiscussed.Keywords:low-temperture;psychrophilicanerobicdigestion;methanogenesis;psychrophilicmethanogens　　:、、。,,,。(25℃),、。、、、、,,。1　　　75%,[1]。,[2]。,,4℃～10℃CH40.75～1.15umol·g-1d-1,10～25℃;4℃70%50%,,4℃(50%)[3]。,Simankova,4℃,15℃,25℃,[4]。ZhangGS,,[5]。2　2.1　嗜冷厌氧消化的可行性,:45℃～60℃、25℃～45℃、25℃[6]。。,20℃[7]。,,,30%[8]。,。[6～23]。8ChinaBiogas2009,27(3)。,,。,,[6,17,20,19,21]。ScullyC,,EGSB-AF9.5℃～15℃,65%75%。NdegwaPM,ASBR20℃35℃,。,20℃35℃,(VFA)[20]。Con-naughtonS,COD(85%～93%),[6]。,AkilaG,15℃,(15℃)UASB,COD90%,COD250L·kg-1[19]。LuostarinenSUASB()。2.2　低温范围内温度波动对甲烷产量的影响,,ASBR。20℃15℃10℃,CODfed0.266±0.014L·g-10.218±0.022L·g-10.080±0.002L·g-1;15℃20℃,,ASBR,10℃,,20℃(20℃)[24]。。20℃15℃10℃,75.5%±0.6%78.7%±2.1%81.3%±0.3%;15℃10℃20℃15℃[24]。LuostarinenS,UASB,20℃10℃COD,[18]。2.3　液体流速和循环频率影响沼气产量。ConnaughtonS,COD4.47kg·m-3d-1(Vup)2.5m·h-1,(15℃)(37℃);5m·h-1,COD0.28L·g-1d-1,[6]。。PMNdegwa,ASBR20℃,,[20]。,ABSR3。2.4　低温厌氧反应器装置的研究。,。,EGSB-AF,EGSBAF,[25]。EGSB-AF[6,7,9,11,13,17]。LuostarinenS,UASB-(UASB-septic)()。UASB,[21]。LuostarinenS,(10℃20℃),UASB—。(TSS)95%COD90%[18]。。,TarekAAF+AH13℃,COD,71%,UASB;COD60%～74%,72%～82%[23]。Ndeg-waPM2008,ASBR20℃[20]。10℃～25℃,,10℃,0℃,,。,。,9ChinaBiogas2009,27(3),。、,、、[26,27,28,29]。3　　　10%,,。。3.1　嗜冷产甲烷古菌的分离。25℃,10℃,30℃;10℃,(30℃～40℃)[1,30]。,1992。,8(1)。1　/℃/℃/℃Methanococcoidesburtonii1992Ace,23-22831Methanogeniumfrigidum1997Ace,1501832Methanosarcinalacustris2001Soppen,2513533Methanogeniummarinum2002Skan,2552534Methanosarcinabaltica2002Gotland,2542735Methanococcoidesalaskense2005Skan,24～2652836Methanogeniumboonei2007Skan,19.453037Methanolobuspsychrophilus2008Zoige,180255　　。、、。,。ZhilinaMethanosarcinastrainZ-7289,15℃,5℃～28℃[38]。2001,Nozhevnikova、、EGSB,128℃,25℃,Methanosarcina,Methanospirillum[30]。Smiankova2003、,Methanosarcina,MethanocorpusculumMethanomethylovorans5,325℃[39]。3.2　嗜冷产甲烷古菌的适冷原理Methanococcoidesburtonii,Methanococcoidesfrigidum。、tRNA、。,(Glu)(Thr),,(Leu)。,,[40]。tRNA。MethanococcoidesburtoniitRNA,tRNA,tRNA[40]。Methanococcoidesburtonii。,[41]。,。Methanogeniumfrigidum1,Methanococcoidesburtonii2。,[42]。10ChinaBiogas2009,27(3)3.3　低温环境中产甲烷古菌的分子生物学研究,(FISH)、、,()DGGE(TGGE)(RFLP)[3]。。ConnaughtonS,,,MethanosarcinaMethanosaeta,Methanocorpusculum[8]。,(、)。4　。,。,,。:[1]　CavicchioliR.Cold-adaptedarchaea[J].NatureRe-viewsMicrobiology,2006,4:331-343.[2]　KotsyurbenkoOR.Trophicinteractionsinthemethano-genicmicrobialcommunityoflow-temperatureterrestrialecosystems[J].FEMSMicrobiologyEcology,2005,53:313.[3]　MetjeM,FrenzelP.Methanogenesisandmethanogenicpathwaysinapeat[J].EnvironmentalMicrobiology,2007,9(4):954964.[4]　Simankova,NozhevnikovaAN,ConradR.Acetoclasticandhydrogenotrophicmethaneproductionandmethano-genicpopulationsinanacidicWest-Siberianpeatbog[J].EnvironmentalMicrobiology,2004,6(11):11591173.[5]　ZhangGS,JiangN,LiuXL,etal.Methanogenesisfrommethanolatlowtemperaturebyanovelpsychrophilicmethanogen,MethanolobuspsychrophilusspnovprevalentinZoigeWetlandofTibetanPlateau[J].ApplEnvironMicrobiol,2008,6:103110.[6]　ConnaughtonS,CollinsG,OFlahertyV.PsychrophilicandmesophilicanaerobicdigestionofbreweryeffluentAcomparativestudy[J].WaterResearch,2006,40:25032510.[7]　CollinsG,FoyC,McHugh1S,etal.Anaerobicbiologi-caltreatmentofphenolicwastewaterat1518℃[J].WaterResearch,2005,39:16141620.[8]　CollinsG,McHughS,ConnaughtonS,etal.Newlow-tempertureapplicationsofanaerobicwastewatertreatment[J].JEnvironSciHealth,PartA,2006,41:881895.[9]　ConnaughtonS,CollinsG,OFlahertyV.Developmentofmicrobialcommunitystructureandactivityinahigh-rateanaerobicbioreactorat18℃[J].WaterResearch,2006,40:1009-1017.[10]lvarezJA,RuizI,GómezM.2006.Start-upalterna-tivesandperformanceofanUASBpilotplanttreatingdi-lutedmunicipalwastewateratlowtemperature[J].Biore-sourceTechnology97:1640-1649.[11]EnrightAM,McHugh1S,CollinsG,etal.Low-tem-peratureanaerobicbiologicaltreatmentofsolvent-contai-ningpharmaceuticalwastewater[J].WaterResearch,2005,39:45874596.[12]CollinsG,MahonyT,OFlahertyV.Stabilityandrepro-ducibilityoflow-temperatureanaerobicbiologicalwastewatertreatment[J].FEMSMicrobiologyEcology,2006,55:449458.[13]CollinsG,FoyC,McHughS,etal.Anaerobictreatmentof2,4,6-trichlorophenolinanexpandedgranularsludgebed-anaerobicfilter(EGSB-AF)bioreactorat15℃[J].FEMSMicrobiologyEcology,2005,53:167178.[14]McHughS,CartonM,CollinsG,etal.Reactorperform-anceandmicrobialcommunitydynamicsduringanaerobicbiologicaltreatmentofwastewatersat1637℃[J].FEMSMicrobiologyEcology,2004,48:3693