地下水氨氮污染及处理技术综述李烨

　　　201129地下水氨氮污染及处理技术综述＊李　烨　李建民　潘　涛(,　100037)　:综述了地下水中氨氮的污染现状,主要阐述了吸附和离子交换法、折点加氯法和生物脱氮法的原理和各自的优缺点,指出应将这些方法结合起来,开发高效、经济、稳定、操作简便的氨氮脱除技术。:地下水;氨氮;吸附和离子交换;折点加氯;生物脱氮REVIEWOFCURRENTCONTAMINATIONSITUATIONOFAMMONIANITROGENINGROUNDWATERANDREMOVALTECHNIQUESLiYe　LiJianmin　PanTao(BeijingMunicipalResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalProtection,Beijing100037,China)Abstract:Thecurrentcontaminationsituationofammonianitrogeningroundwaterwasreviewed.Theprinci-plesandtraitsofadsorptionandionexchange,breakpointchlorination,andbiologicalnitrogenremovalweremainlyintroduced.Itisnecessarytocombinesomeofthesemethodstodevelopammonianitrogenremovaltechniqueofhighefficiency,lowcostandconvenientoperation.Keywords:groundwater;ammonianitrogen;adsorptionandionexchange;breakpointchlorination;biologicalnitrogenremovaltechnique＊(2009ZX07424-002)。　　,。,NO3-,Cl-、HCO3-、SO42-,,,、,[1]。,[2]。,,1mg4.57mgDO,[3]。1　1999-2004,,。“”[4],,、;,。、、、、、、、、。,78%,4.78mg/L[1];0.02～0.986mg/L,24.1%;0.02～0.726mg/L,62.0%[5];1991-200011.5%～31.4%,0.08～0.35mg/L,16mg/L,80;37.5%～64.9%,0.23～0.62mg/L,9.6mg/L,48,[6]。,,[7]。,,,,、、,。,,100DOI:10.13205/j.hjgc.2011.s1.060　　　201129,。,。,,,、、、、,,0.5mg/L。200771GB5749-2006《》≤0.5mg/L。,,,0.2mg/L[8-9]。2　、。2.1　吸附和离子交换法、、,、[10-12],,、,,,[13-14]。[15],,3h,NaCl,95.96%。[16],。,,30min,30min。,,,,。6m/h,0.8mg/L,65h,。[17],,、,LangmuirFreundlish,-16.21kJ/mol,,,,,50mg/L,,:K+Ca2+Na+Mg2+。,,,,,,[18]。0.5mg/L,。3%～5%NaCl,8～10m/h,[19]。,,。2.2　折点加氯法,,,[20]。,,。,。,,,[21]。[19,22]:Cl+H2O※HOCl+HCl(1)NH3+HOCl※NH2Cl+H2O(2)NH2Cl+HOCl※NHCl2+H2O(3)NH2Cl+NHCl2※N2←+3H++3Cl-(4):2NH3+3Cl2※N2+6HCl(5)-,,10。,(0.5mg/L),7～10,,,。,,,,。,[20]。,。～μg/L,、、,,。2.3　生物脱氮法,,。,:,(6),,;,,(7),101　　　201129,(8)[23-24]。2NH4++3O2※2NO2-+2H2O+4H+(6)2NO2-+O2※2NO3-(7)NH4++2O2※NO3-+2H2O+2H+(8),,,1mg/L,90%;1～2mg/L,60%;2mg/L,40%[25]。[26],,,,。,,70%。[27],,54.6%。[28],,,0.126～2.080mg/L,25.7%～97.4%,71.2%,。[29],,。,1.2h,,0.2mg/L。[30],8～22℃,1d,5.2～48mg/L,0.27～0.71mg/L,95%。[31],1.1～4.3mg/L,80%,0.5mg/L。[32],85%。[33]A/O,DO,92.8%。,MBBR,95%[34]。,,,,、、。3　、,。NaCl,,;、,。、、、COD。,、、、,,。[1],,.[J].,2009,5:35-37.[2],,,.[J].,2007,23(11):8-12.[3],,,.[J].(),2007,23(5):826-831.[4],2010.[5],,,.[J].,2007,24(9):706-708.[6],,.[J].,2005,27(3):100-102.[7],,,.[J].,2007,23(4):328-330.[8],.[J].,2000,16(11):31-34.[9]GB5749-2006　[S],2007.[10],,.[J].,2004,24(1):30-33.[11],,.[J].,2003,23(2):37-39.[12],,.[J].,2009,22(4):1-3.[13],,,.[J].,2010,31(3):703-708.[14].[J].,2009,27(s):44-47.[15].[J].,2010,37(8):80-81.[16],.[J].,2007,33()106-109.[17],.[J].,2009,27():171-173.(92)102　　　201129,,,11m×20m。IC20kg/(m3·d)。6)。,。。。,34.0m×21.0m×7.0m,6.5m,4998m3,18.6h,0.12kg/(kg·d)。7)。,20.0m×4.0m,0.8m3/(m2·h)。1。8)。,2,80m3。,,25m3,,6min;,55m3,12min。9)。120.0m×4.0m,。3　2。2　mg/Lρ(COD)ρ(BOD5)ρ(TSP)6900275075055201980375IC110430075+1973615+9015-/%98.899.4994　,-IC,++APMP,,,,,0.7～0.8/t。　　100010　1302011-02-11(102)[18],,.[J].,2006,20(3):15-17.[19].[J].,2001,20(2):12-15.[20].[J].,2009,37(5):172-174.[21],,.[J].:,2008,11(3):90-92.[22].[J].,2008,33(11):102-108.[23],,,.[J].,2002,18(2):29-33.[24].[J].,2008,18(25):105-107.[25],.[J].,2003,29(12):4-7.[26],,.[J].,2007,25(4):22-24.[27],,,.[J].,2005,23(2):7-9.[28],,,.[J].,2004,35(6):21-23.[29],.[J].,2008,34(8):55-58.[30],.[J].,2009,27(s):34-37.[31],,.[J].,2010,26(11):13-16.[32],,·.-[J].,2003,23(2):196-200.[33],,.A/O[J].,2007,25(5):10-13.[34],,.MBBR[J].,2002,20(5):12-15.　　100037　59　2011-05-1092