滇池人工湿地的植物群落学特征研究张玲

　　:1004-8227(2005)05-0570-04张　玲,李广贺,张　旭,张荣社,唐翀鹏(,100084)　:,。12,17。:,;,;,shannon-wiener,。,,,,。(Phragmitesaustralis)。,(Oenanthestolonifera)(Sagittariasagittifolia)。。:;;;:A　　,。(、、),、。[1],、[2～5]。、、、,。,。,,,[6]。、[3],,,。、;,、,。,;、、,、、[7,8]。,,[9～13],。。3①:(naturalwetland,NW)、(freewatersurfaceartificialwetland,FWSAW)、(subsurfaceflowartificialwetland,SFAW),;,;。,。:2004-09-20;:2005-02-11:(K99-05-35-02)“”.:　(1974～　),,,,.①　..,2003.101～103.14520059　　　ResourcesandEnvironmentintheYangtzeBasin　　　　Vol.14No.5Sep.20051　1.1　。,,102°45′50″～102°47′57″E,24°46′42″～24°51′19″N。,、;,、,、,,,[14]。1.2　、。,,。,,,。,,,[15]。[14],,,。,,6.2hm2,800m,70～120m,1.3‰。1888.00m,4.6km2,13.5km234%。1.3　20036～7,[9],10m×10m,71m×1m,,、,。:31m×1m,,80℃,,。Shannon-Wiener[17]:H′=-∑S＊i=1(pilnpi)　　,S,pii。2　1。2.1　2.1.1　植物种类17(1),(Polypogonfugax)、(Acoruscalamus)、(Sagittariasagittifo-lia)、(Erigeronbreviscapus)、(Impatiensholstii)、(Oenotherarosea)、(Zizaniacaduciflora)、(Conyzastricta)、(Polygonumhydropiper)、(Phragmitesaustralis)、(Althernan-theraphiloxeroides)、(Oenanthestolonif-era)、(Cyperusiria)、(Anapha-liscontortiformis)、(Dichrocephalaauricu-lata)、(Poaannua)、(Astertataricus)。,。2.1.2　群落结构11(1),、、、、、、、、、、、。,,。,,。2.2　1。,8,,,,5。;,;,shannon-wiener,。3。3　,,571　5　　　　　　　　　　　:1　Tab.1　DistributionandQuantitativeFeaturesofAquaticMacrophytesinXiao-hekouWetlandWetlandTypeSerialNumberPlantCommunityDepthofWater(cm)Height(cm)SpeciesNumberLayerofCommunityShannon&WienerIndexNaturalWetland11060621.4652560521.04731893421.258412134421.202515255530.993618150530.993FWSAW11290320.56621094320.66138175530.652418200430.92855120530.95768114531.226710190641.144820120320.924SFAW146731.447257731.3683102831.771480531.3055175731.272。,,。、、,:,,,,;,,;。,[10]。。,。,,,[2];,。Cooper[17],,,。,,。;,,、。,,、。,[8]。,。572　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　14　:[1]　FetterCWJr,SloeyWE,SpanglerFL.Potentialreplace-mentofseptictankdrainfieldsbyartificialmarshwastewatertreatmentsystems[J].GroundWater,1976,14(6):396～401.[2]　BrixH.Treatmentofwastewaterintherhizosphereofwet-landplants—Therootzonemethod[J].WatSciTechnol,1987,19:107～118.[3]　ConleyLM,DickRI,LionLW.Anassessmentoftherootzonemethodofwastewatertreatment[J].ResJWPCF,1991,63:239～247.[4]　GreenMB,UptonJ.Constructedreedbeds:Acosteffectivewaytopolishwastewatereffluentsforsmallcommunities[J].WaterEnvironRes,1994,66(3):188～192.[5]　.[J].,1995,16(3):83～86.[6]　CronkJK,FennessyMS.Wetlandplants:biologyandecolo-gy[M].BocaRaton:LewisPublishers,2001,83～84.[7]　,,　.、[J].,1999,23(3):269～274.[8]　,.[J].,2002,22(2):219～224.[9]　,,,.[J].,2001,26(1):101～108.[10]　,,.[J].,2002,14(2):179～184.[11]　,,,.[J].,2003,23(7):1344～1355.[12]　,,　.[J].,2003,4(22):36～40.[13]　,　,　,.[J].,2003,24(3):158～160.[14]　,.[M].:,1994.1～10.[15]　StaufferJ.———[M].,,.:,2000.89～115.[16]　MagurranAE.Ecologicaldiversityanditsmeasurement[M].Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,1988.26～30.[17]　CooperPF,HobsonJA,JonesS.Sewagetreatmentbyreedbedssystems[J].JInstWaterEnvironManage,1989,3:60～74.ANECOLOGICALSTUDYONPLANTCOMMUNITYINARTIFICIALWETLANDINDIANCHIAREA,CHINAZHANGLing,LIGuang-he,ZHANGXu,ZHANGRong-she,TANGChong-peng(DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Theroleandproblemofmacrophytesinartificialwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentareveryim-portant.Macrophytesareessentialforthefunctionofartificialwetland,soitisnecessarytostudymacro-phytesinartificialwetland.Usingmethodsincommunityecology,plantcommunitiesinnaturalwetland(NW)andintwotypesofartificialwetland,onebeingfreewatersurfaceartificialwetland(FWSAW)andtheothersubsurfaceflowartificialwetland(SFAW)wereinvestigatedinthepresentstudy.TheresultsshowedthatthelandscapeofFWSAWwasmorethanthatofSFAWintermsofaesthetics.Thespeciesdi-versityofplantcommunityinFWSAWwasmorethanthatinSFAW,whilenaturalwetlandwasbetweenFWSAWandSFAW.ThenumberofcommunitylayerinFWSAWwasclosetothatinSFAW.Speciesdi-versityandShannon-WienerindexofplantcommunityinSFAWweremorethanthoseinFWSAW.Thisstudysupportsthebasicconceptformacrophytesresearchandplantsuccessionofartificialwetlandforwastewatertreatment.ItissuggestedthatSagittariasagittifoliashouldbeselectedtoplantinartificialwetland.SagittariasagittifoliaandOenanthestoloniferashouldbeselectedtoplantinFWSAW.Keywords:naturalwetland;freewatersurfaceartificialwetland;subsurfaceflowartificialwetland;biodi-versity573　5　　　　　　　　　　　: