电化学吸附和电催化的原位光谱研究孙世刚英文版

PrefaceElectrocatalysisisattheheartofmanyimportanthightechnologicalandin-dustrialprocessesincluding:energyconversion(fuelcells,batteries,andsuper-capacitors),greensynthesis(electrosynthesisofbothorganicandinorganiccompounds),nanomaterials(nanostructuringandnanofabrication),biotech-nology(biochipsandsensors),micro-systemsandelectronics(MEMSandin-terconnectsinintegratecircuits).Overthelast20yearselectrochemistryhasundergoneashiftinperceptionoftheelectrodeasaJellium,whichsimplyactsasanelectronsinkorsource,tothedynamic,atomicallydiscreteelectrode,whichparticipatesfullyinelectrodeprocesses.Thisshiftwaspredominantlyenabledandcertainlyfacilitatedbythedevelopmentofinsituspectroscopicandimagingmethodologiesinelectro-chemicalsurfacescience.Frommany,thosethathavebeenusedmostfrequentlyareinfraredspectroscopy(IR),ultra-violet/visiblereflectionspectroscopy(UV/vis),Ramanspectroscopy(Raman),massspectroscopy(differentialelectro-chemicalmassspectroscopy(DEMS),theelectrochemicalquartzcrystalmicro-balance(EQCM)),electronspinresonance(ESR)andnuclearmagneticresonance(NMR).Inaddition,nonlinearopticalspectroscopies(sumfrequencygeneration(SFG),secondharmonicgeneration(SHG))andx-rayspectroscopies(EXAFS,XANES,andSXS)havealsobeenemployed.Furthermore,thecom-binationofinsituspectroscopictechniqueswithscanningprobemethodssuchasscanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM)and/oratomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)hasprovidednovel,exciting,andcrucialinsightsintotheprocessesatandneartheelectrodesurfaceonthemolecularandatomiclevels.Thisbookcomprises15chapterscoveringdifferentinsituspectroscopictechniquesemployedinstudiesofadsorptionattheelectrodeandelectro-catalysis,suchasinfraredspectroscopy(Chapters1-8),sumfrequencygene-ration(Chapter9),Ramanspectroscopy(Chapter10),x-rayspectroscopy(Chapters11and12),electronspinresonance(Chapter13),nuclearmagneticresonance(Chapter14),andscanningtunnelingmicroscopytogetherwithmassspectroscopy(Chapter15).Thechaptersofthebookwerecontributedbyprominentscholarsworldwideandareaimedatawiderangeofprofessionalsinterestedinnewapplicationsofspectroscopy,electrocatalysis,electrochemis-try,surfacescience,energyconversion,materialsscience,andbioscience.Thestate-of-the-artpresentationsarebasedoneachcontributor'srecentworkonmechanismandstructureoftheelectrode/electrolyteinterface.ThebreadthofthepresentbookmakesitidealforinstructingnewcomersaswellasforaidingestablishedscientistsandengineersinthefieldofviPrefaceelectrochemistryandelectrocatalysis.Lastbutnotleast,thevolumeshouldhelptodevelopnewideas:basicandapplied,andtodevelopnewinsitusurfaceanalyticalmethodologiestorespondtochallengesofelectrochemistryandelectrocatalysisinthefuture.Shi-GangSunPaulAndrewChristensenAndrzejWieckowskiListofContributorsH.Baltruschat,InstituteofPhysicalandTheoreticalChemistry,UniversityofBonn,Roemerstr.164,D-53117Bonn,GermanyA.Berne,DepartamentodeQu{micaF{sicaandInstitutodeElectroqu{mica,UniversidaddeAlicante,Apartado99,Alicante,E-03080,SpainR.BuBar,InstituteofPhysicalandTheoreticalChemistry,UniversityofBonn,Roemerstr.164,D-53117Bonn,GermanyG.A.Camara,DepartamentodeQu{mica,UniversidadeFederaldeMatoGrossodoSul,P.O.Box549,79070-900,CampoGrande,MS,BrazilK.-C.Chang,MaterialsScienceDivision,ArgonneNationalLaboratory,9700S.CassAvenueArgonne,IL60439,USAP.A.Christensen,SchoolofChemicalEngineerin9andAdvancedMaterials,BedsonBuilding,UniversityofNewcastleuponTyne,NewcastleuponTyneNE17RU,UKS.Ernst,InstituteofPhysicalandTheoreticalChemistry,UniversityofBonn,Roemerstr.164,D-53117Bonn,GermanyJ.M.Feliu,DepartamentodeQu{micaFisicaandInstitutodeElectroqu{mica,UniversidaddeAlicante,Apartado99,Alicante,E-03080,SpainF.Hahn,LaboratoryofCatalysisinOrganicChemistryLACCO,Electrocataly-sisGroup,UMR6503CNRS-UniversityofPoitiers,40,avenuedurecteurPineau,86022PoitiersCedex,FranceA.Hamnett,TheUniversityofStrathclyde,McCanceBuilding,JohnAndersonCampus,GlasgowG11XQ,UKF.Hernandez,InstituteofPhysicalandTheoreticalChemistry,UniversityofBonn,Roemerstr.164,D-53117Bonn,GermanyJ.Inukai,DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofIllinois,600SouthMathewsAvenue,Urbana,IL,USAT.Iwasita,InstitutodeQu{micadeSdoCarlos,UniversidadedeSdoPaulo,P.O.Box780,13560-970SdoCarlos,SP,BrazilJ.-M.Jin,SchoolofChemicalEngineerin9andAdvancedMaterials,BedsonBuild-in9,UniversityofNewcastleuponTyne,NewcastleuponTyneNE17RU,UKV.Komanicky,MaterialsScienceDivision,ArgonneNationalLaboratory,9700S.CassAvenueArgonne,IL60439,USAviiviiiListofContributorsC.Korzeniewski,DepartmentofChemistryandBiochemistry,TexasTechUniversity,Lubbock,TX79409-1061,USAJ.-M.L6ger,LaboratoryofCatalysisinOrganicChemistryLACCO,Electro-catalysisGroup,UMR6503CNRS-UniversityofPoitiers,40,avenuedurecteurPineau,86022PoitiersCedex,FranceW.-F.Lin,SchoolofChemicalEngineerin9andAdvancedMaterials,BedsonBuilding,UniversityofNewcastleuponTyne,NewcastleuponTyneNE17RU,UKJ.Lu,DepartmentofChemistry,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430072,ChinaC.A.Lucas,OliverLodgeLaboratory,DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityojLiverpool,Liverpool,L697ZE,UKN.M.Markovic,MaterialsScienceDivision,ArgonneNationalLaboratory,Argon