电吸附除盐技术进展及其应用李定龙

24420087WATERRESOURCESPROTECTIONVol.24No.4Jul.2008　　:(1963—),,,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]1,1,　1,2(1.,　213164;2.,　213022):评述了石墨、活性炭和炭气凝胶三类主要电吸附材料除盐技术,通过电吸附系统的开发研究,提出炭材料电吸附除盐工艺具有较大优势,在去除各种盐类阴、阳离子方面有独特的优势和功效。:电吸附;水处理;石墨;活性炭;炭气凝胶:X131.2　　　:A　　　:1004-6933(2008)04-0063-04DevelopmentandapplicationofelectrosorptiontechnologyLIDing-long1,SHENJing-jing1,JIANGSheng1,SUNXiao-wei2(1.SchoolofEnvironmentalandSafetyEngineering,JiangsuPolytechnicUniversity,Changzhou213164,China;2.ESTPurificationEquipmentCo.,Ltd,Changzhou213022,China)Abstract:Electrosorptiontechnologiesthatrelyononeofthreemainmaterials,graphite,activatedcarbonandcarbonaerogels,werediscussedandcomparedinpracticalapplication.Itcanbeconcludedthatcarbonelectrodeelectrosorptiontechnologymostefficientlyremovesnegativeandpositiveions,andisausefuldevelopmentinthedeionizationfield.Keywords:electrosorption;watertreatment;graphite;activatedcarbon;carbonaerogels　　,()(capacitivedeionization,CDI),。2070,Johnson[1]。2090,AndelmanFTC(flowthroughcapacitor)[2]。。1　,[3]。/,、,、[1]。,,[4](1)。,,[5]。“”[6],、,,,。2　,[7]。,、、[8]。2.1　,,。Zabasajja[9],(950)(KS-15),。15m2/g1010m2/g,·63·1—;2—;3—;4—1　0.12g/cm30.36g/cm3。,,Langmuir,,。。,,。,。2.2　2.2.1　颗粒活性炭(GAC)GAC。,。,,,、。,GAC[8]。Basova[10],3,0.5mol/LNa2SO4,NaOHH2SO4pH。,、pH。,-0.9V。Epzc。+0.5V,。Alfarra[11]Li+。(),,。,Li+;,Li+。,,。2.2.2　活性炭纤维材料(ACF)ACF。GAC,ACF,ACF,ACFGAC,,,,[11]。,,,,、。Chen[12]SCN-。,,,;,。0.1mmol/LSCN-,0.1mA,90minSCN-。Ryoo[4](ACC)。,ACC,CDI。。,ACC,,ACC,。Afkhami[13]ACFCr6+、Mo6+、W6+、V4+V5+。,,Cr6+、Mo6+V5+;Mo6+V5+,ACF,。,,V4+,V4+V5+。Afkhami[14],(ACC)NO-3NO-2,()。0.0295gACC,15mL,,,NO-318.5μmol/g,NO-218.0μmol/g。60minNO-360%,128minNO-260%。,Conway[15]:,NO-3、NO-2CO2-3、SO2-4、Ca2+Mg2+。2.3　(Carbonaerogels),10。LawrenceLivemore,———,,、·64·。(3～30nm)(50nm),(400～1100m2/g),(10～100S/cm)[15-18]。,[10]。Pekala[19]CDINaCl。,192,6.86cm×6.86cm×0.0127cm,2.8×106cm2,1.2V。,15mL/min,1μS/cm,1h,,NaCl99%。Farmer[20]NaClNaNO3,,,,。,1.2V,NaClNaNO393%～95%;,,。[21],,NaCl,CDI,NaCl。,。,R/C()1500、M()30%,8000mg/L5045.7mg/L(4h)。Gabelich[22](Na+、K+、Ru+、Mg2+、Cl-、Br-、NO-3SO2-4)。10cm×20cm×0.015cm,3,8.16×106cm2。,。,。3　,[23]:,、,。EST,,[24]。,,,,,,。[24-27]。2000～2005,。(),10040～100L/h0.8～2.0t/h,。,EMK110,400mm×200mm×2mm(××)。350mm×220mm×460mm(××)。,。30d,,1.55V、40L/h、100,30～50μS/cm,20.3mg/L,[24-27]。4　　a.。,,,,80%,。b.。,、、、。c.,、。EMK110,,;,,36～42min,1/3～1/2,。,、。:[1],.[J].,2003,2(29):63-65.[2],,,.[J].,2005,36(2):282-284.[3].[J].,1999,50(1):114-117.[4]RYOOMin-woo,SEOGon.Improvementincapacitive·65·deionizationfunctionofactivatedcarbonclothbytitaniamodification[J].WaterResearch,2003,37:1527-1534.[5]MAYNEPJ,SHACKLETONR.Adsorptiononpackedbedelectrodes[J].JApplElectrochem,1985,15:745-754.[6]BNA,SCHFERA,WENDTH.Fundamentalsofelectrosorptiononactivatedcarbonforwastewatertreatmentofindustrialeffluents[J].JApplElectrochem,1998,28:227-236.[7],.[J].,2002,8(22):1-4.[8],,,.[J].,2004,19(2):145-146.[9]ZABASAJJAJ,SAVINELLRF.Electrosorptionofnalcoholsongraphiteparticles[J].AICHEJournal,1989,35(5):755-763.[10]BASOVAYV.Removaloforganiccompoundsfromaqueoussolutionsbytheelectrochemicalreactorwithfluidized-bedcarbonlayer[J].Electrochemistry,2000,68(8):639-644.[11]ALFARRAA,FRACKOWIAKE,BGUINF.Mechanismoflithumelectrosorptionbyactivatedcarbons[J].ElectrochimicaActa,2002,47(3):1545-1553.[12]CHENRong,XUXi-en.Elecsorptionofthiocyanateanionsonactivatedcarbonfeltelectrodeindilutesolution[J].JournalofColloidandInterfaceScience,2005,290:190-195.[13]AFKHAMIA,CONWAYBE.InvestigationofremovalofCr(Ⅵ),Mo(Ⅵ),W(Ⅵ),V(Ⅳ),andV(Ⅴ)oxy-ionsfromindustrialwaste-watersbyadsorptionandelectrosorptionathigh-areacarboncloth[J].JColloidandInterfaceScience,2002,251:248-255.[14]AFKHAMIA.Adsorptionandelectrosorptionofnitrateandnitriteonhigh-areacarboncloth:anapproachtopurificationofwaterandwaste-watersamples[J].Carbon,2003,41:1320-1323.[15]CONWAYBE,BARBERJ,MORINS.ComparativeevaluationofsurfacestructurespecificityofkineticsofUPDandOPDofHatsingle-crystalPtelectrodes[J].ElectrochimicaActa,1998,44:1109-1125.[16]YANGChun-mo,CHOIWoon-hyuk,NAByung-ki,etal.CapacitivedeionizationofNaClsolutionwithcarbonaerogelsilicagelcompositeelectrodes[J].Desalination,2005,174:125-127.[17]LAWRENCEW,HRUBESH.Aerogelpplications[J].JournalofNon-CrystallineSolids,1998,225:338-339.[18]FRICKEJ,TILLOTSONT.Aerogel:production,characterizationandapplications[J].ThinSolidFilms,1997,297:212-223.[19]PEKALARW,FARMERJC.Carbonaerogelsforelectrochemicalapplications[J].JNon-CrystallineSolids,1998,225:74-80.[20]FARMERJC,FIXDV,MACKGV,etal.CapacitivedeionizationofNaClandNaNO3solutionswithcarbonaerogelelectrodes[J].JElectrochemSoc,1996,143(1):159-169.[21],,,.NaCl[J].,2005,4(31):53-55.[22]GABELICHJ,TRANTD,SUFFETIH.Electrosorptionofinorganicsaltsfromaqueoussolutionusingcarbonaerogels[J].EnvironSciTech,2002,36:3010-3019.[23],.[J].,2006(18):80-83.[24],.(EST)[J].,2002,4(33):18-20.[25],.EST[J].,2002(4):41-44.[26],,.EST[J].,2002(6):26-27.[27],,.[J].,2003,19(11):36-38.(:2007-01-28　:)《》全国中文核心期刊　　中国科技核心期刊　　《水资源保护》是河海大学和环境水利研究会主办的科学技术期刊,创刊于1985年,双月刊,96页,国内外公开发行,国内统一连续出版物号:CN32-1356/TV。现为全国中文核心期刊、中国科技核心期刊和江苏省一级期刊。《水资源保护》主要刊登与水资源保护