电絮凝Electrocoagulationgeneralcompatibilitypower

Electrocoagulation:Withtheuseofcleanelectricity,TheElectrocoagulationSystemsefficientlyremovesawiderangeofcontaminants.Theresultiswaterthatisavailableforreuseandtheseparatedsolidsavailableforresale,reuseorforsimpleremovaltoanon-hazardouslandfill.ELECTROCOAGULATION6GPMUnitWhatitdoes:•passeselectricitythroughwaterusingbipolarelectricmetalplates/blades.•usesapatentedchamber.•convertsalternatingcurrent(AC)todirectcurrent(DC)voltage.•destabilizessuspended,emulsified,ordissolvedoilandotherconstituentsinanaqueousmedium.ELECTROCOAGULATION(EC)Electrocoagulation+_VERTICALUPFLOW+ELECTRODE(blade)-ELECTRODE(blade)Sacrificialelectrodes–typicallyironoraluminumELECTROCOAGULATIONTopViewofParallelPlatesFlowSpillsOvertoPatentedChamberFlowisFromBottomUpBetweenPlates6gpmSystemElectrocoagulationUnit6gpmSystemPlatesandPatentedChamber(EC)isprotectedbyissuedpatentsorpatentspendingin20countries,includingthefollowing:•ChinaPatentZL99803983.7–January7,2004•KoreanPatent395731–August12,2003•EuropeanPatent1058674–May14,2003•NewZealand506,918–March31,2003•USPat6,488,835–December3,2002•USPat6,139,710–October31,2000•CanadianPat2,316,446–February19,2002•SingaporePat75477–July23,2002•SouthAfricanPatentNo99/2479–December29,1999•USandWorldWidePatentPendingELECTROCOAGULATIONThePatentsRemovalMechanismsFe(orAl)ionsANDelectronsareintroducedintotheaqueoussolution•Oxidation/reductionreactions•Emulsionbreaking•Halogencomplexing•Bleachingbyoxygenions•Seeding•ElectronfloodingELECTROCOAGULATIONRemovalMechanismsFe(oral)ionsANDelectronsareintroducedintothesolutionOxidation/ReductionOxidation/reductionsareforcedtotheirnaturalendpointwithintheECchamberwhichspeedsupthenaturalprocessofnaturethatoccursinwetchemistryRemovalMechanismsFe(oral)ionsANDelectronsareintroducedintothesolutionEmulsionBreakingEmulsionbreakingoccurswhentheoxygenandhydrogenionsthatbondintothewaterreceptorsitesofoilmoleculesthuscreatingawaterinsolublecomplexthatseparateswaterfromoil,driller’smud,dyes,inks,etc.RemovalMechanismsFe(oral)ionsANDelectronsareintroducedintothesolutionHalogenComplexingAsthemetalionsbindthemselvestochlorinesinachlorinatedhydrocarbonmolecule,theresultisalargeinsolublecomplex,separatingwaterfrompesticides,herbicides,chlorinatedPCB’s,etc.RemovalMechanismsFe(oral)ionsANDelectronsareintroducedintothesolutionBleachingbyOxygenIonsBleachingbytheoxygenionsproducedinthereactionchamberoxidizesdyes,cyanides,bacteria,viruses,endocrinedisruptors,biohazards,etc.RemovalMechanismsFe(oral)ionsANDelectronsareintroducedintothesolutionSeedingSeedingresultsfromtheanodereductionofmetalionsthatbecomenewcentersforlarger,stable,insolublecomplexes,thatprecipitateascomplexmetaloxidesRemovalMechanismsFe(oral)ionsANDelectronsareintroducedintothesolutionElectronFloodingElectronfloodingofthewatereliminatesthepolareffectofthewatercomplex,allowingcolloidalmaterialstoprecipitate,andtheincreaseofelectronscreatesanosmoticpressurethatrupturesbacteria,cysts,andvirusesElectrocoagulationBENEFITSRelativetoChemicalCoagulation-CC•nochemicals;nochemicalsafetyrequirements•killsvirus,cysts,&coliformbacteria•betterremovalcapabilitiesthanforCC•removesspeciesthatCCcannotremove•producescleanerwaterandlesssludge•sludgefilterable;passleachabilitytests•ECresultsin80%lesssolids•Solidsdewaters76%faster•minimalsetuptime•notemperatureeffect•nomovingparts;smallfootprintElectrocoagulationApplications:PRETREATMENTFORFILTRATION•Currently,pretreatmenttoROislowpressuremembrane(UForMF)•ButUFandMFstillsubjecttosiltandotherSSfouling•Removalofsuspendedsolidsismostcost-effectiveapplicationofEC•ECbetterremovesFats,Oils,&Greases(FOG)3-DconceptuallayoutoftheEC/UF/ROsystemELECTROCOAGULATIONElectrocoagulationManufacturer’sWastewaterBeforeandAfterECTreatmentConcentration(mg/l)___ContaminantRawAfterTreatment%RemovalChromium,Total37.90.1099Chromium,Hexavalent210.0599Zinc18.10.1699ResultsofRadioactivityTestingataGovernmentFacilityCONTAMINANTBEFOREAFTERREMOVALRATE(%)Americium-24171.9900pCi/L0.5700pCi/L99.20Plutonium-23929.8500pCi/L0.2900pCi/L99.00Radium1093.0000pCi/L0.1000pCi/L99.99Uranium0.1300mg/L0.0002mg/L99.83TypicalBacteriaTreatmentsConductedbyaQualifiedIndependentLaboratoryCONTAMINANTBEFOREAFTERREMOVALRATE(%)Bacteria110,000,000.00cfu2,700.00cfu99.99Coliform318,000.0000cfu1.00cfu99.99EcoliBacteria2,419.20mpn0.00mpn99.99EnterococcusBacteria83.00mpn10.00mpn82.87TotalColiformBacteria2,419.20mpn0.00mpn99.99ElectrocoagulationHasBeenSuccessfullyUsedto:•harvestprotein,fat,andfiberfromfoodprocessorwastestreams•recoveremulsifiedoilfromslopoil•separatedrillingmudtomakewaterreusable•cleanandseparateproductionwater•cleanandseparatefracturingwater•recyclewater,allowingclosedloopsystems•removemetals,andoilfromwastewater•reconditionantifreezebyremovingoil,dirt,andmetalsElectrocoagulationHasBeenSuccessfullyUsedto:•reconditionbrinechillerwaterbyremovingbacteria,fat,etc•pretreatmentbeforemembranetechnologieslikereverseosmosis•preconditionboilermakeupwaterbyremovingsilica,hardness,TSS,etc•reconditionboilerblowdownbyremovingdissolvedsolidseliminatingthen