对某市生活饮用水微生物指标的监测分析与风险评估

67Vol.6No.720157JournalofFoodSafetyandQualityJul.,2015*通讯作者:,,E-mail:[e-mail]*Correspondingauthor:HUANGDeng-Yu,AssociateProfessor,ShanxiUniversity&ShanxiFoodAndDrugAdministration,No.85,LongchengAvenue,XiaodianDistrict,Taiyuan030006,China.E-mail:[e-mail]孙元媛1,2,李亚楠1,2,宋翔1,2,黄登宇1,3*(1.,030006;2.,030006;3.,030006)摘要:目的2014,,方法9676,4,7#结果55.03%,7#,79%,16%,5%结论,关键词:;;;;AnalysisandriskassessmentofmicroorganismsindrinkingwaterinacityofChinaSUNYuan-Yuan1,2,LIYa-Nan1,2,SONGXiang1,2,HUANGDeng-Yu1,3*(1.CollegeofLifeScience,ShanxiUniversity,Taiyuan030006,China;2.TheFoodAndDrugSafetyRapidInspectionCenter,ShanxiUniversity,Taiyuan030006,China;3.ShanxiFoodAndDrugAdministration,Taiyuan030006,China)ABSTRACT:ObjectiveToanalyzeandassesstheriskofmicroorganismsindrinkingwaterinordertopreventandcontrolthedrinkingwaterpollution.MethodsAtotalof676samplesofwaterwereselectedfrom9monitoringstationsofacityincentralChinain2014.Themicrobialindexesweredeterminedaccordingtothenationalstandards.Becauseofthelowestqualificationrate,the7thmonitoringstation’sunqualifiedsampleswereanalyzedbythemultidimensionalgreyclusterassessmentmethod.ResultsThefractiondefectiveofmicroorganismstestresultsofdrinkingwaterwas55.03%inthecity.Themaininfluencingfactorsweretheaerobicplatecountandthecoliformgroups.Inthe7thmonitoringstation,thelow-risktypeaccountedfor79%,themiddle-risktypewas16%andthehigh-risktypewasonly5%.ConclusionTherearesomesecurityrisksexistedinthecity,andtherelatedsupervisiondepartmentshouldtakemeasurestoimprovethewaterquality.KEYWORDS:drinkingwater;microorganism;multidimensionalgreyclusterassessment;waterqualitymonitoring;riskassessment7,:26151引言,,[1],80%,,[2,3][4],36128,53.91%,[5],27868.3%,,,,[6],L,2014,,,2材料与方法2.1实验试剂();(,);();();(,);();();(,)2.2实验仪器();();();();();();pH();();()2.3水样采集,9,,3676,[7],12.4实验方法2.4.1检测指标测定方法[8](1)1mL9mL,10,2~3,,,,(36±1)℃48h,[9](2)10mL10mL,101mL10mL,5,36℃24h,,36℃18~24h,,36℃24h,,MNP,[10]表1监测点样本分布Table1Thesampledistributionofmonitoringstations1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9#84367668686884108841721182836214026166(3)1EC,44.5℃24h,,,,44.5℃18~24h,,MNP,[11](4)EC-MUG,44.5℃24h,,MNP,[12]2.4.2多维灰聚类评估方法,,;;,,Z,H,L[13];[14],(dij,i,j);,;;,[15](1)(2)(3)::1()1()/()0ijijijijijdHfdZHZZdHdZ≥≤(1):2()0()/()1()/()0ijijijijijijijdHHdHZZdHfdZdLZLLdZ≥ijdL≤(2):3()1()/()0ijijijijijdLfZdZLLdZdZ≤≥(3)3结果与分析3.1各监测点样品不合格率2,9#,,7#,73.81%3.2监测点7#的多维灰聚类评估,,表2各监测点水质监测结果不合格率(%)(n=3)Table2Thefractiondefectiveofmicroorganismstestresultsofdrinkingwaterofallmonitoringstations(n=3)1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9#1.1958.331.3211.7623.531.475.9518.520.0020.1430.560.000.0029.412.9444.054.630.0011.900.000.000.000.000.0029.760.000.000.000.000.000.000.005.8828.570.000.0020.1458.331.3211.7641.184.4173.8112.960.007,:2617,,,,[16]3.2.1建立样本矩阵:1234567891011121314...序列号　　　　3707979280160232324016623菌落总数耐热大肠菌群大肠埃希氏菌总大肠菌群　　　　2379000130232323023　　　　　　237903333330333349023　　　　　　233301111140272727000　　　　　23111001301207979280............3.2.2确定各指标极性,,3.2.3确定各指标类别界限,3表3各检测指标的类别界限Table3Categorythresholdofevaluationindex291.4185.479.4138.376.514.744.827.810.745.828.417.43.2.4计算权系数矩阵,1.0000.0000.0000.0000.7600.2400.0000.8170.1830.0000.0001.0000.0000.0001.0000.0000.0001.0000.0000.0001.0000.000菌落总数高类中类低类　　0.0001.0000.0000.0001.0000.0000.0001.0000.0000.0001.0000.0000.0001.0000.0000.2980.7020.0000.3830.617.........1.0000.0000.0001.0000.0000.0000.0400.9600.0000.0000.0001.0000.0000.1340.8660.0400.9600.0000.0000.2960.7040.0000.总大肠菌群高类中类低类5550.4450.0000.2960.7040.0000.0001.0000.0000.1990.8010.0000.1340.8660.8660.1340.0001.0000.0000.000.........1.0000.0000.0000.0000.7190.2810.0000.7190.2810.0000.0001.0000.0000.7190.2810.0000.7190.2810.3060.6940.0000.3060.耐热大肠菌群高类中类低类6940.0000.0000.7190.2810.0000.0180.9820.0000.9530.0470.0000.0001.0000.0000.0001.0001.0000.0000.000.........　1.0000.0000.0000.0000.5090.4910.0000.5090.4910.0000.0001.0000.0000.5090.4910.0000.5090.4910.2640.7360.0000.264大肠埃希氏菌高类中类低类　　0.7360.0000.0000.5090.4910.0000.0001.0000.0000.8730.1270.0000.0001.0000.0000.0001.0001.0000.0000.000.........　　　3.2.5确定各指标权重,,[17,18],::0.15;:0.25;:0.3;:0.33.2.6计算综合权系数矩阵判断各样本所属灰类,并画出三角坐标图,79%,16%,5%261861234567891011121314...序列号1.0000.0000.0000.2500.4830.2670.0100.7310.2590.0000.0001.0000.0000.4020.5980.0100.6080.3810.1710.5030.3260.171综合权系数矩阵高类中类低类　0.5680.2610.0000.4430.5570.0000.0050.9950.0000.5980.4020.0000.0340.9660.2160.0780.7050.8500.0570.093.........灰类型高类中类低类√　　√　　√　　√　　√　　√　　√√　　√√√　　√.........√√(1)(high)(middle)(low),(YAxis)(ZAxis)(XAxis),17#Fig.1GreyclassdistributionoftheseventhmonitoringstationYAxis—;ZAxis—;XAxis—4讨论,:(1