洱海流域湖泊大型底栖动物群落结构及空间分布

*121＊＊1121211430072210004920095、3。1556ind·m－28.9g·m－2。、43.5%、39.5%8.6%、。GISShannon。3、、260.8ind·m－21.14g·m－2。CCATPCa2+34%27%TN。。Q178．1A1000－489020118－1696－07*2008ZX07526-002-07。＊＊[e-mail]2011-01-022011-03-23MacrobenthoscommunitystructureanditsspatialdistributioninErhaiwatershedlakes．ZHANGMin12CAIQing-hua1＊＊TANGTao1WANGXiong-zhong12YANGShun-yi12KONGLing-hui11StateKeyLaboratoryofFreshwaterEcologyandBiotechnologyInstituteofHydrobiologyChineseAcademyofSciencesWuhan430072China2GraduateUniversityofChi-neseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100049China．ChineseJournalofEcology20113081696－1702．AbstractInMay2009aninvestigationwasconductedtounderstandthemacrobenthoscommu-nitystructureanditsrelationshipswithwaterenvironmentalfactorsinErhaiLakeandinthreesmalllakesHaixihaiCibihuandXihuinErhaiwatershed．InErhaiLakethemeandensityofmacrobenthoswas1556ind·m－2andthebiomasswas8.9g·m－2．Themacrobenthoscom-munitywasdominatedbyChironomussp．LimnodrilushoffmeisteriandRadixsp．withtherel-ativeabundancebeing43.5%39.5%and8.6%respectively．Thebiomasswasmainlycon-tributedbyCorbiculalargilliertiRadixsp．andChironomussp．Thespatialdistributionofmac-robenthoscommunitybasedonGISinterpolationshowedthatthedensitywasthehighestinthenorthregionofErhaiLakethebiomasswasthehighestinthelittoralzoneofthemiddleregionboththedensityandthebiomasswererelativelylowinthesouthregionandtheShannondiversi-tyindexwashigherinthelittoralzone．InthethreesmalllakesthemaintaxawereNematodaChironomidaeTubificidaeandChaoboridae．Boththedensityandthebiomasshadthemaximumvalues260.8ind·m－2and1.14g·m－2respectivelyinCibihuLake．CCAanalysisshowedthatthetotalphosphorousandCa2+concentrationsinwaterbodyhadsignificanteffectsonthemacrobenthoscommunitywiththecontributionratebeing34%and27%respectively．TheXi-huLakenearesttoErhaihadthesimilarmacrobenthoscommunitytypeasErhaiLakemainlybe-causeoftherelativelyhightotalnitrogenconcentrationinthewater．Comparedwithhistoricalda-tatheproportionsofOligochaeteandChironomidinErhaiLakecontinuedtoincreasewhichimpliedthattheorganicpollutionintheLakewasfurtherintensified．KeywordsmacrobenthosspatialdistributionplateaulakeErhaiLakecommunitysimilarity．ChineseJournalofEcology20113081696－1702。2565km225°25'N—26°16'N99°32'E—100°27'E。42.5km9.2km5.8km250km21974m10.2m1995。19921999。1985-19881992。2090-2005。。20042005、199920032010、2001。、1999。Kornijówetal．1990Cattaneoetal．1998Murphy＆Giller2000Svensson＆Leonardson1996Covichetal．1999Vanni2002。Schillingetal．2009。20095、。11.1、1。2.24km24km1.6km10m16m2006。8km23m32m6km3km19952003。4.66km28.3m2～3m1998、、、Ⅲ2003。20095。1532。1。13Fig．1SamplingsitesoftheErhailakeandthreeotherlakesaround79611.21/16m2Peterson200μm50ml10%。ind·m－2g·m－2。5L0.5mTN、NO3-N、NH4-N、TP、PO4-P、SiO2-Si、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl－、COD、、。TN、NO3-N、NH4-N、TP、PO4-P、SiO2-SipH＜2SkalarSan++。CERN2007。1.3ShannonH'H'=－∑Pilog2Pinon-metricmultidi-mensionalscalingNMSPC-ORD4.0。Ward。lgx+1SPSS16.0。CanonicalCorrespondenceAnalysisCCA。ForwardSelectionMonteCarlo│r│＞0.5varianceinflationfactor＞20。lgx+1Canoco4.5。ArcGIS9.3Origin7.5。22.12.1.11344。1。1556ind·m－28.9g·m－2。Chironomussp．、LimnodrilushoffmeisteriRadixsp．43.5%、39.5%8.6%。Corbiculalargillierti、51.9%、28.2%14.2%。2.1.22GIS、Shannon。3。EH03RShannon2、Fig．2SpatialdistributionofthemacroinvertebratedensitybiomassandShannondiversityindexinErhailake8961308Shannon。EH0113664ind·m－297%。EH03R4368ind·m－288.4g·m－284.8%95.7%。2.1.3NMS。3EH01EH03EH03REH05R1。EH02、EH04EH05LimnodrilusChironomus。EH01EH06Tubifici-daeChironomidae。EH03。EH03R84.8%3NMSFig．3NMSordinationbasedoftherelativeabundanceofeachspecies4、、ShannonFig．4Resultsoftheclusteranalysisbasedonthemacroin-vertebrate’sdensitybiomassandShannondiversityindexintheErhaiLake。EH05R50%30%。、Shannon4531EH02、EH06L、EH03、EH05R、EH01L、EH05、EH04、2EH01、EH03R3EH01R、EH03L、EH06R。、Shannon1。1、、2、、3。2.22.2.13104452。3。3。1、ShannonH'Table1ComparisonstothedensitybiomassandShan-nondiversityindexH'ofeachgroupbasedontheclusteranalysisind·m－2g·m－2H'1128±68.40.59±0.681.00±0.5029408±601952.77±56.060.55±0.403700.8±249.78.89±23.501.22±0.30996153、ShannonFig．5DensitybiomassandtheShannondiversityofthemacroinvertebrateinthethreelakes2Table2TaxafoundinthefourlakesNematodaNematodaspp.++AnnelidaLimnodrilushoffmeisteri+++L.grandisetosus++Teneridrilusmastix+Boranchiurasowerbyi+Tubifextubifex++++Bothrioneurumvejdovskyanum+1Tubificidaesp．1++Arthropoda1Chironomussp．++Chironomusplumosus++1Procladiussp．+1Chaoborussp．+Mollusca1Radixsp．+Planorbidaespp．++1Cipangopaludinasp．+2.2.2、5260.8ind·m－21.144g·m－250.7118.4ind·m－20.00720.412g·m－2。。。3%Table3Dominantspeciesinthethreelakes36.852.614.749.735.628.657.12.36。1241.2%29.1%70.3%。Ca2+TP34%27%P0.041。TPCa2+Ca2+。、。TPTPTPCa2+2XH01TN。6CCAFig．6CCAanalysisbetweenthemacroinvertebratecom-munityandthewaterenvironmentalfactors00713084Table4Comparisonsofthemacroinvertebratebetweentheplateaulakeandtheplainlakeind·m－2g·m－215568.9016200950.70.007242009260.81.14452009118.40.41242009501022.20132001—20022007－－111988—19891995855.058.012720052008235－11198819951199160.567020012007333.4～612010.8～38.4401998—1999200132005Rasmussen1993。。1999198119971219.4ind