发达国家典型雨洪管理体系及启示

发达国家典型雨洪管理体系及启示车伍,吕放放,李俊奇,李海燕,王建龙(北京建筑工程学院环境与能源工程学院,北京100044):针对我国城市发展中传统的雨水处置方式与水资源水循环系统生态环境等方面存在的突出问题,简要地梳理了发达国家近20年来不断完善和发展的一些典型的雨洪管理理念和相关体系比较分析了这些体系的特点,总结了发达国家及我国在城市发展中形成的新的雨洪管理理念管理经验和科研成果,提出应通过系统研究尽快建立与资源节约环境友好型城市相适应的现代城市雨洪控制利用科技与管理体系,为构建科学的城市水环境治理模式和良性的水循环系统提供新的支撑,为解决我国城市化过程中暴露的水资源水环境和生态方面的严重问题少走弯路,降低快速城市化付出的环境和生态代价:雨洪管理;雨洪控制与利用;水环境;水循环;生态:TU992:B:1000-4602(2009)20-0012-06TypicalStormwaterandFloodManagementSystemsinDevelopedCountriesandTheirInspirationCHEWu,LVFang-fang,LIJun-q,iLIHa-iyan,WANGJian-long(SchoolofEnvironmentandEnergyEngineering,BeijingUniversityofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture,Beijing100044,China)Abstract:Inviewoftheseriousissuesofthetraditionalwaytodisposestormwater,waterre-sources,watercyclesystemandecologicalenvironmentintheprocessofurbandevelopmentinChina,sometypicalstormwaterandfloodmanagementconceptsandrelatedsystemsthathavebeenimprovedanddevelopedindevelopedcountriesinrecentyearsweresortedou.tThecharacteristicsandrevelationofthesesystemswerecomparedandanalyzed.ThenewstormwaterandfloodmanagementconceptsformedintheprocessofurbandevelopmentindevelopedcountriesandChinaaswellasthemanagementexper-ienceandtechnologicalachievementsweresummedup.Throughsystematicresearches,anintegrativetechnologyandmanagementsystemofthemodernurbanstormwaterandfloodcontrolandutilizationthatadaptstotheresource-savingandenvironmen-tfriendlycitiesshouldbeestablishedassoonaspossibleinChina,inordertoprovideanewsupportsystemtobuildascientificmodeoftheurbanwaterenvironmentrenovationandhealthywatercycle,toalleviatetheseriousproblemsofthewaterresources,waterenv-ironmentandecologicalaspects,andtoreducethecostsofenvironmentandecologyinrapidurbanization.Keywords:stormwaterandfloodmanagemen;tstormwaterandfloodcontrolandutilization;waterenvironmen;twatercycle;ecology:(2006BAJ08B042008BAJ08B13-04)#12#第25卷第20期2009年10月中国给水排水CHINAWATER&WASTEWATERVo.l25No.20Oct.2009,/0/0/0,10,,,,,,,,,1发达国家典型的雨洪管理体系2070,,(BMPs)(LID)(SUDS)(WSUD)(LIUDD),51111BMPs(BestManagementPractices,BMPs)1972BMPs,,BMPsBMPs,(),(),BMPs:¹;º,SS;»,,2.54cm(),90%;¼,,;½,,,BMPs112LID(LowImpactDevelopmen,tLID)BMPs,LID1990,LID,11LID[1]Fig.1MaincomponentsofLIDmethod[1]LID,LID(),:¹#13#车伍,等:发达国家典型雨洪管理体系及启示第25卷第20期;º();»;¼;½;¾;¿(),,/;À,;ÁLID,,11LIDTab.1ClassificationofLIDtechnologysystem,,,,,,,,,,,113SUDS1999521,,,(SustainableUrbanDrainageSystems,SUDS)SUDS(2),SUDS/0,;,,SUDS22SUDSFig.2RelationbetweenconventionalmethodandSUDS,:¹,;º;»;¼;½SUDS,3SUDS,,,(),3SUDS[2]Fig.3ManagementchainofstormwaterinSUDS[2]SUDSBMPsLID,,,#14#第25卷第20期中国给水排水(WaterSensitiveUrbanDe-sign,WSUD),WSUD,WSUD,WSUD,:¹;º;»;¼;½;¾WSUD,(),,,,,WSUD,WSUD,WSUD44WSUD[3]Fig.4WaterrecyclesystemofWSUD[3]115LIUDD(LowImpactUrbanDe-signandDevelopmen,tLIUDD)(LID)(WSUD)LIUDD;;,LIUDD:LIUDD=LID+CSD+ICM(+SB),LID,CSD(ConservationSub-Divisions),ICM(In-tegratedCatchmentManagement),SB(SustainableBuilding/GreenArchitecture)/LIUDD,,(LowImpactRuralResidentialDesignandDevelopmen,tLIRRDD)LIUDD(),LIUDD,:LIUDD,,ICM,:,,LI-UDD,,;;,:();/0,2启示,:¹a./0/0#15#车伍,等:发达国家典型雨洪管理体系及启示第25卷第20期/0(stormwatermanagement)/0,,/0,,/0,management/0,,/0:/0();/0,;/0,,,,,()[45],(waterqualitystorms),,(quantitystorms),/0(),b.(),,(IRCSA)14,(),(SpecialistGrouponDiffusePollutionofIWA),()(RainwaterHarvesting&ManagementSpecialistGroup),/0LID,,,,()NGO[67],,,º,,,,,;,,,,3构建我国城市雨洪控制利用体系,#16#第25卷第20期中国给水排水:¹,,;(),,,,º,,/0,,,,,,,»,(),,,,,,¼,,,,()(),,,,,,,,,,,:[1]PrinceGeorge.sCounty.Low-impactDevelopment:AnIntegratedDesignApproach[M].US:MarylandDepar-tmentofEnvironmentalResource,1999.[2]PaulShaffer.SUDSManagementTrain[EB/OL].http:[3]MelbourneWater.WSUDKeyPrinciples[EB/OL].h-ttp:wsud.melbournewater.com.au,2009-06.[4],,,.[J].,2008,24(22):25-29.[5],,,.[J].,2008,34(12):42-47.[6],.[J].,2008,24(11):52-56.[7],,.[J].,2008,(11):30-34.:[phone]E-mail:[e-mail]:2009-06-09#17#车伍,等:发达国家典型雨洪管理体系及启示第25卷第20期