反硝化细菌及其在水产养殖中的应用吴美仙

314()Vol.31,No.4200812　　　　　　JournalofZhejiangNormalUniversity(Nat.Sci.)　　　　　　Dec.2008　　:1001-5051(2008)04-0467-05＊吴美仙1,　李　科2,　张萍华3(1.浙江海洋学院高等职业技术学院杭州分院,浙江杭州　311258;2.浙江师范大学行知学院,浙江金华　321004;3.浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院,浙江金华　321004)　:,;,,.:;;;:Q939.9　　　　:ADenitrifyingbacteriaanditsapplicationintheaquacultureWUMeixian1,　LIKe2,　ZHANGPinghua3(1.HangzhouScienceTechnologyCollegeofZhejiangOceanUniversity,HangzhouZhejiang　311258,China;2.XingzhiCollege,ZhejiangNormalUniversity,JinhuaZhejiang　321004,China;3.CollegeofChemistryandLifeScience,ZhejiangNormalUniversity,JinhuaZhejiang　321004,China)Abstract:Itwassummarizedthetypesofdenitrifyingbacteriaandthemechanismhowbacteriaremovenitro-geninwater.Theapplicationofdenitrifyingbacteriainaquaculturewaterwasdiscussed.Asoneoftheingre-dientsinmicroecologicalmodulator,researchanddevelopmentprospectsofhowtoimplementinsituremedia-tionofnitrogenpollutionincoordinationwithmicrobewerealsopresented.Keywords:denitrifyingbacteria;aquaculturalseawater;nitrite;microecologicalmodulator　　“”,,,20073.2×105hm2.,,、、,、.,[1].,,Cl-＊:2008-06-06;:2008-09-04　:(20050123)　:(1969-),,,,.:.　:,.,;[2].,,,,,,,,.,..1　(NO-3—N)(N2),10,50[3],,.,4,:NO-3※NO-2※NO※N2O※N2,、、NO、N2O[3].,O2NO-3,O2,[4].2050[5-7],.2080.Robertson,(Para-coccuspantotropha)、(Pseud-omonasspp.)(Alcaligenesfaecalis)[8].,Robertson,.Thiosphaerapantotro-pha,Alcaligenesfaecalis,Pseudomonasnautical,Thaureamechernichensis,PseudomonasstutzeriMicrovirgulaaerodenitrificans[9-12].,.,[13]HS-03(Pseudomonasstutzeri),NO-3,90%,NO-2.、[14].[15](Rhodococcussp.),,,.,..:,,,,、,-,OH-,pH;,,(),,;,(),/,、、、,,,,[14].,,,,.(Thiobacillusdenitrificans)[16].,,,,.2:,,;,,[17]..468()　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2008　2　,0.2mg·L-1,、0.1mg·L-1,..[18]DNF409,16SrDNA,(Bacillussp.),8∶1、108cfu·L-1,,94.79%99.94%.,,[19].,,,,,,[20].,.,、、[21].,,,、,[22,23].Nilsson[24],,20mg·L-1,,66mg/(kg·h),3.6kg/(m3·d).Wi-jffels[25],2L,(HRT)1h、NO-3—N8～16mg·L-1、11.1%,90%.[26,27].,.,,.[28],、,2,,,:1.4,2.6.[29],,-(SBR),70%,84%,(CODCr)68%,.,.[30]、、,、、,.,(),()、.Kozasa(1986),,[31].,,,、、.、,,,[32].,469　4　　　　　　　　　　,:,,、,;、,、,,,,.,,;、.[33]、、、,,.、、,,,[34].,、,,NH+4※NO-3※N2←;、、,,,.3　　　,、,,.,“”,、[35];、、、EM(),、、、、51080,,.、、、,,.,.,[33].,,“”[34].,,.Quince400000L,、,36000mg·L-1100mg·L-1,.,,,[3].、、;,,,.,、、.,、,,,,,,.:[1],,,.[J].,2005(20):18-19.[2],,,.MPF-906[J].,2007,28(3):6-8.470()　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2008　[3].[M].:,2003.[4].[M].:,2003.[5]MarshallRO,DishburgerHJ,MacVicarR,etal.StudiesontheeffectofaerationonnitratereductionbypseudomonaddprviesusingN15[J].Bacterial,1953,66:254-258.[6]KrulJM.DissimilatorynitrateandnitritereductuinunderaerobicconditionsbyanaerobicallyandanaerobicallygrownAlcaliginessp.andbyactivesludge[J].ApplBacterial,1976,40:245-260.[7],,.[J].,2005,25(3):77-81.[8]RobertsonLA,VanNieEWJ,TorremansRAM,etal.Simultaneousnitrificationanddenitrificationinaerobicchemostatculturesofthiospha-erapantotropha[J].AppliedandEnvironmentMicrobiology,1988,54(11):2812-2818.[9]PatureauD,GodonJJ,DabertP,etal.Microvirgulaaerodenitrificasgen.nov.,sp.nov.,anewgram-negativebacteriumexhibitingco-respira-tionofoxygenandnitrogenoxidesuptooxygen-saturatedconditions[J].IntJSysBacteriol,1998,48(3):775-782.[10]LukowT,DiekmannH.AerobicdenitrificationbyanewlyisolatedheterotrophicbacteriumstrainTL1[J].BiotechnolLett,1997,19(11):1157-1159.[11]ScholtenE,LukowT,AulingG,etal.Thaureamechernichensissp.nov.,anaerobicdenitrifierfromaleachatetreatmentplant[J].IntJSysBacteriol,1999,49(3):1045-1051.[12]TakayaN,CatalanSM,SakaguchiY,etal.Aerobicdenitrificationbacteriathatproducedlowlevelsofnitrousoxide[J].AppliedandEnviron-mentMicrobiology,2003,69(6):3152-3157.[13],,,.[J].,2005,11(5):600-603.[14],,.[J].,2005,25(1):60-64.[15],.[J].,2005,25(6):23-26.[16],,,.[J].,2005(2):52-54.[17],.[J].,2005,25(2):88-92.[18],.[J].,2006,36(5):28-32.[19].[D].:,2006.[20],.[J].,2007(6):79.[21].[M].:,2002.[22]SeoJK,JungIH,KimMR,etal.NitrificationperformanceofnitrifiersimmobilizedinPVAforamarinerecirculatingaquariumsystem[J].AquacullturalEngineering,2001,24(3):181-194.[23]BoleyA,MullerWR,HaiderG.Biodegradablepolymersassolidsubstrateandbiofilmcarrierfordenitrificationinrecirculatedaquaculturesystems[J].AquaculturalEngineering,2000,22(1/2):75-85.[24]NilssonK,BirnbaumS,FlygareS,etal.Ageneralmethodfortheimmobilisationofcellswithpreservedviability[J].EurJApplMicrobiolBiotechnol,1983,17(6):319-326.[25]WijffelsRH,SchukkingGC,TramperJ.CharacterizationofadenitrifyingbacteriumimmobilizedinK-carrageenan[J].ApplMicrobBiotech-nol,1990,34(3):399-403.[26].(PVA)[J].,1998,18(2):189-191.[27],,,.[J].,2001,16(4):262-268.[28],,,.[J].,2000,20(3):237-240.[29],.-[J].,2000,12(2):119-123.[30],,.[J].,2006,12(2):251-254.[31],.[J].,2004,24(4):49-52.[32],,.[J].,2007(1):27-29;46.[33],,,.[J].,2005,18(5):30-32.[34],,,.[J].,2007,23(2):271-276.[35],.[J].,2002(10):86.(　薛　荣)471　4　　　　　　　　　　,: