废水生物脱氮新技术及问题张树德

27　1Vol.27　No.120052JournalofHebeiInstituteofTechnologyFeb.2005:1007-2829(2006)01-0145-06张树德1,2,曹国凭2,张杰1,熊必永1(1.北京工业大学水质科学与水环境恢复工程实验室,北京100022;2.河北理工大学建筑工程学院,河北唐山063009):生物脱氮;短程硝化反硝化;同时硝化反硝化;厌氧氨氧化　:对厌氧氨氧化、短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化等生物脱氮新技术的研究和开发进展进行了评述,同时探讨了生物脱氮领域的新技术和开发的新工艺,指出了这些新技术新工艺的特点和研究开发应用的前景。:X703.1　　:A　　,,、,、,,,,。、。、。,,,。,。,:(ShortcutNitrificationDenitrification)、(SimultaneousNitrificationDenitrification,SND)(Anaero-bicAmmoniumOxidation,ANAMMOX)。1　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,SHARON,pH1　,[1]:NH+4→NO-2→NO-3→NO-2→N2,,NO-3。,,NO-3NO-2,NH+4→NO-2→N2,、NO-2。,NO-2,NO-2。,,:(1):25%,;(2):40%(),;(3):NH+4NO-2NO-2NO-3;(4):,,:2005-04-25:(1966-),,,,。30%～40%;(5);(6)。,。Sutherson[2],,TurkMavinic[3]。[4-5],[6],。[7]NO-2,,。NH+4NO-2。,。NO-2(、pH、FA、DO、FH、),,NO-2NO-3,NH+4。Delft—SHARON[23]。SHARON(SingleReactorforHighAmmoniumRemovalOverNitrite,):NH+4+HCO-3+0.75O2→0.5NH+4+0.5NO-2+CO2+1.5H2O(1)　　SHARON(Nitrobacter)(Nitrosomonas),(30～40℃),。,,,,。,。,,30～40℃,,,。(1):SHARON50%,,。—,SHARON:(1),;(2);(3)(HRT),;(4);(5)25%,。2　—(SimultaneousNitrificationandDenitrification,SND)、,SND。SND。,,SND:(1)。,,—,。、、RBC、SBR。,,,。DO,;,(),。(2)。,,SND,[8]。,SND,。SND,,,,SND,:(1);(2);(3)。Gupta[9],SND。Yoo[10]SND,。[11]146　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　27　(MBR)SND,DO1mg/L,TN92%,DO,TN。[12]SBRSND。:,,,。,、、,。SND,。,SND,、、。3　(ANAMMOX),[13]。,NH+4,NO-2NO-3N2。1994,Kuenen[14]NO-2NO-3,NH+4N2;1995,Mulder[15],,,:5NH+4+3NO-3→4N2+9H2O+2H+(△G=297kJ/molNH+4)。,[16],。,NO-2,:NH+4+NO-2→N2+2H2O(△G=358kJ/molNH+4)。　　。N2O,N2O,。,4[H],[H][16]。:NO,NON2O,N2ON2;,NH4NH2OH,NH2OHN2H4、N2H2N2[17]。1。,AN-AMMOXOLAND。1　3.1　ANAMMOX(AnaerobicAmmoniumOxidation)ANAMMOXDelftKluyver[17]。,。ANAMMOX:5NH+4+3NO-3→4N2+9H2O+2H+NH+4+NO-2→N2+2H2O　　[8](UASB),,1.577mg/Ld。[19],,、90%、99%95%。ANAMMOXNH+4,、、,,,。,ANAMMOX。,ANAMMOX,,,,ANAMMOX。147　1　　　　　　　　　,:3.2　OLAND(OxygenLimitedAutotrophicNitrificationDenitrification,OLAND),Gent。,NH+4NO-2。,NH+4NO-2NH+4N2。(Nitrosomonas)NO-2。LinpingKuai[20]SBR(4L),,1000mg/LNH+4—N3000mg/LNaHCO3,NH+4—N0.13g/(Ld),pH7.2,HRT8d。,22%NH+4—NNO-2NO-3,38%NH+4—N,40%NH+4—NN2。Siegrist[21],ANAMMOX。NH+4—N100～400mg/L,HRT6～20h,pH7～7.3,2g/m3,N3.7g/(m2d),2.6g/(m2d)。Biflgwgnger[22]NH+4。OLANDDO,。,DO、。3.3　SHARON—ANAMMOXSHARON—,,,SHARON,ANAMMOX。,SHANOR,50%NO-2ANAMMOX,NH+4NO-2N2,,,:2NH+4+2HCO-3+1.5O2→2CO2+N2+5H2O　　Jetten[23]SHARON—ANAMMOX。SHARON0.8kg/m3d,53%,SHARONANAMMOX,ANAMMOXNO-2,NH+4—N83%。,SHARON—ANAMMOX:4.65kgO2/kgN,4～5kgCOD/kgN;1.7kgO2/kgN,60%,,[24],。,SHARON—ANAMMOX、、,。SHANON—ANAMMOX,,。SHANON—ANAMMOX,Dokhaven,600m3/d。4　—1988,U.Fuchs[25,26],。1992,R.B.Mellor[25]—。,,,。::C+2H2O→CO2+4H++4e:2H++2e→H22NO-3+5H2→N2+4H2O+OH-148　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　27　—、,、。,—、,。5　,,,、、,。,,。(、)[28],,,、。,,,。,。:[1]　,.[M].:,1993.[2]　SuthersonS.,GanczarczykJ.J.Inhibitionofnitriteoxidationduringnitrification:someobservationa.Wa.tPol.lRes.J.Can.,1986,21:257～266.[3]　TurkO.,MavinicD.S.,Preliminaryassessmentofshortcutinnitrogenremovalfromwastewater.Can.J.Civ.Eng.,1986,13:600-605.[4]　,,.—[J].,2000,16(2):29-31.[5]　.[J].,2000,26(11):21-23.[6]　,,.—[J].,1993,14(3):2-6.[7]　.[J].,1998,26(3):124-126.[8]　,,.[J].,1998,24(12):6-9.[9]　GuptaSK,RajaSM.Simultaneousnitrificationdenitrificationinarotatingbiologicalcontactor.Envir.Tech.,1994,15(3):145-153.[10]　YooH,AhnKH.NitrogenremovalfromsyntheticwastewaterbySimultaneousnitrificationanddenitrification(SND)vianitriteinaninter-mittently—aeratedreactor.WaterRes.,1999,33(1):145-154.[11]　,,,.MBRDO[J].,2001(6):10-14.[12]　,,.[J].,14(1):33-35.[13]　BRODAE.Twokindsoflithotrophsmissinginnature[J].Microbio.l1997,17:491-493.[14]　KuenenJ.G.,RobretsonL.A.,Combinednitrificationdenitrificationprocess,FEMSMicrobio.lRev.,1994,15(2):109-117.[15]　MulderA.,vandeGraafL.,Anaerobicammoniumoxidationdiscoveredinadenitrifyingfluidizedbedreactor.FEMSMicrobio.lEco.l,1995.61(3):177-183.[16]　vandeGraa.fAA,MulderA,deBrijnP.,eta.lAnaerobicoxidationofammoniumisabiologicallymediatedprocess.App.lEnviron.Mi-crobio.l,1995,61(4):1246-1251.[17]　.[J].,1997,17(6):37-38.[18]　,,.[J].,1999,5(Suppl):68-73.[19]　,,.[J].,2002,24(6):30-33.[20]　LinpingKuai,WillyVerstraete.Ammoniumremovalbytheoxygen-limitedautotrophicnitrificationdenitrificationsystem[J].AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology.1998,64(11):4500-4506.[21]　SiegristH.,ReithaarS.,KochG.,eta.lNitrogenLossinNitrifyingRotatingContactorTreatingAmmoniumRichLeachatewithoutOrganicCarbon.Wa.tSc.iTech.,1998,39(4):589-591.[22]　BingwangerS.SimultaneNitrifikation-DenitrifikationvonstartAmmonium-belastenAbwasserohneorganischeKohlenstoffquellen.Korrespon-denzAbwasser,1997,44(9):1573-1580.[23]　JettenMSM,Towardsamoresustainablewastewatersystem.WatSc.iTech.,1997.35(9):171-180.[24]　,.—[J].,2001,19(5):7-10.[25]　,,.[J].,11(1):45-47.[26]　,,.—[J].,2003,26(5):58-60.[27]　Y.Sakakibara,K.ArakiandT.Watanable.ThedenitrificationandNeutralizationPerformanceofAnElectrochemicallyActivatedBiofilmReactorUsedtoTreatNitrate-contaminatedGroundwater.Wa.tSc.iTech.1997,36(1):61-68.149　1　　　　　　　　　,:[28]　.[J].,2002,28(2):178-183.TheNewTechnologyofBiologicalNitrogenRemovalfromWastewaterandProblemAnalysisZHANGShu-de1,2,CAOGuo-ping2,ZHANGJie1,XIONGBi-yong1(1.WaterQualityScienceandWaterEnviron