复合池塘循环水养殖系统生态足迹分析陶玲

陶　玲1,2,李　谷1,李晓丽1,张世羊1,林玉良1(1,434000;2,214081):生态足迹模型已广泛应用于可持续发展的评估中。将生物塘、人工湿地、生态沟渠等生态工程系统与传统养殖塘有机结合而构建形成的复合池塘循环水养殖系统,作为一种新养殖模式,它具有循环微流水养殖、种养结合、水陆交互作用的特点。本文运用生态足迹方法对这一新养殖模式进行了定量分析。结果表明:就单位利润生态足迹量而言,复合池塘循环水养殖模式为2.92ghm2/万元,而传统池塘养殖模式为4.91ghm2/万元,复合模式具有更高的生态经济综合效益,更符合可持续发展要求。:复合池塘养殖;生态足迹;人工湿地:S969.38　　　:A　　　:1007-9580(2010)04-10-06:2010-07-20;:2010-08-12:(NYCYTX-49);(2008GB23260394);(FWT-200701);:(1981—),,:。E-mail:[e-mail]:(1965—),,,,:。E-mail:[e-mail]　　。,,,,。,,。,。(EcologicalFootprintAnalysis)Rees19921996Wackernagel。(、)[1-2]。,,。,、、[3]。,()(),。1　1.1　1.1.1　试验系统组成　、3(1,)。,,。5,;;。,[3]。10《》2010384　1　Fig.1　Schematicdiagramoftheintegratedpondsrecirculatingaquaculturesystem(arrowsindicatethedirectionoftheflow)1.2　:EF=΢rj×Ai=΢rj×(Ci/Yi)(j=1,2,3,…,6):EF—,ghm2();i—;j—(、、、、);rj—,ghm2/hm2;Ai—i,hm2;Ci—i,kg;Yi—i,kg/hm2。,、、:(1):,1000m2,2.0m,2000m3,3～4,3,;4,,10%,200m3。2～3,15%～20%,2,15%;。,,———,,。《2007》[4]48.7m3/km2,[5]5.19ghm2/hm2。(2):,,、,200657.2%[6]。,,57.2%42.8%。[7]1kWh2.1448×10-6hm2,1kWh6.11711×10-5hm25.13427×10-5hm2。(3):,,[8],,、、、、92%,,5。,、、,30%、85%50%;。[9],。(4):,。,11《》2010384　。。,(COD)(NH3-N),(DB33/453—2006)。,,,。[10],,。①×=;②÷=。[11]COD0.15～0.79/kg3.7～14.6/kg(0.79/kg14.6/kg),[9]3264.268kg/hm220048.79/kg,。,。2　2.1　2.1.1　人工湿地的费用支出　,。1。1,、。1　Tab.1　Expenditureforconstructedwetlands　　、、、、、、、160/m20.03/m3600/　　[12],10～20。10,16/(m2·)()。2.1.2　两种养殖模式经济效益比较　2007。、,20%,,。2。2,1∶2.34(10),1∶2.07。2.2　3。3,3.3407ghm2/,6803,4.91hm2/,14.91hm2。4。,6h。。4,14.6436hm2/,50226,2.92hm2/。12.92hm2。12《》2010384　2　Tab.2　Economicbenefitanalysisofthetwokindsofaquaculturepondsmodes　()()　800016/m2　　9680193636/kg　　1802037403.4/kg　　13403350.67/kWh200300　　372406311　754561091232/kg　　833817145.6/kg180018/kg2002/kg　　18724888/kg　　87466131141∶2.341∶2.073　Tab.3　Ecologicalfootprintanalysisschemeoftraditionalpondaquaculturemode　　　1000m21200m3500kWh1.1t2.4kg　　　(ghm2/)(ghm2/hm2)(%)0.03500.351.051.27895.1938.28、、0.02441.740.732.00221.7459.930.00030.350.013.3407:[5][13]。4　Tab.4　Ecologicalfootprintanalysisschemeofintegratedpondaquaculturemode　　　5500m24400m32000kWh5.3t500m2　　　(ghm2/)(ghm2/hm2)(%)0.19250.351.314.68915.1932.02、、0.09741.740.679.64701.7465.880.01750.300.1214.6436:[5][13]。13《》2010384　3　。[14],1.4437ghm2/,,,。Kautsky[15],,35～190,。,,,。,2.92hm2/,4.91hm2/。,:(1)。。,,。(2)。,,,,。(3)。,0.0003ghm2/,0.01%。,COD,N、P。,10～20,,,,。,,。,,。,,,。,,,,,。2007。,,,。,。◆[1]REESWE.Ecologicalfootprintandappropriatedcarryingcapac-ity:whaturbaneconomicsleaveout[J].EnvironmentandUr-banization,1992,4(2):120-130.[2]WAKERNAGELM,REESWE.Ourecologicalfootprint:re-ducinghumanimpactontheearth[M].Canada:GabriolaIs-land,BC:NewSocietyPublishers,1996,2-17.[3],,,.[J].,2006(4):6-7.[4].2007[EB/OL].:,2007[2010-07-02][5],,,.[J].,2008,28(3):1279-1286.[6],,.“”[J].,2007,3:10-12.[7],,,.[J].,2008,28(4):1729-1735.[8].[J].,2004,25(2):52-54.[9],.[J].:,2008,7(1):76-80.[10],,,.———[J].,2008,19(8):1789-1796.[11],,.COD14《》2010384　[J].,2009,29(4):443-448.[12]MITCHELLDS,CHICKAJ,RAISINGW.Theuseofwet-landsforwaterpollutioncontrolinAustralia[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,1995,32(3):365-373.[13],.[J].,2009,24(9):1550-1559.[14],,,.[EB/OL].:.:,2006(7):1-7.ht-tp://[15]KAUTSKYN,BERGH,FOLKEC,etal.Ecologicalfootprintforassessmentofresourceuseanddevelopmentlimitationsinshrimpandtilapiaaquaculture[J].AquacultureResearch,1997,28(10):753-766.Ecologicalfootprintanalysisoftheintegratedpondsrecirculatingaquaculturesystem(IPRAS)TAOLing1,2,LIGu1,LIXiao-li1,ZHANGShi-yang1,LINYu-liang1(YangtzeRiverFisheriesResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofFisherySciences,Jingzhou434000;2FreshwaterFisheriesResearchCenter,ChineseAcademyofFisherySciences,Wuxi214081,China)Abstract:Ecologicalfootprintmodelhasbeenwidelyusedintheassessmentofsustainabledevelopment.Theintegratedrecirculatingpondaquaculturesystemwhichcombinedecologicalprojectssuchasbiologicalponds,constructedwetlands,ecologicalditchandtraditionalpondaquaculturewasanewkindofaquaculturemodel.Ithasmicro-circulationwaterflow,plantingandbreedingcombination,andwater-landinteractioncharacteris-tics.Thequantitativeanalysisofthisnewmodelwasmadebyusingecologicalfootprintmodelinthispaper.Theresultsshowedthattheecologicalfootprintperunitprofitofintegratedpondaquaculturemodewas2.92ghm2/10thousandyuanwhilethatoftraditionalpondmodelwas4.91ghm2/10thousandyuan.Theformerwaslowerthanthelatterwhichindicatesthattheintegratedrecirculatingpondaquaculturemodelhasmoreec-ologicalandeconomiccomprehensivebenefitsandismoresustainable.Keywords:integratedpondaquaculture;ecologicalfootprint;constructedwetland.2011《》《》、,“”、“”。1985,“、”,。《》(),88,16。《》,“”、、;“”“”、、;“”“”,;“”、、;“”;“”、;“”。,“”、“”、“”、“”、“”、“”。,10,,:28-154,:CN32-1131/S。5.00,60。,《》。:9《》:214081　　:[phone]、8555513315《》2010384