高效藻类塘对农村生活污水的处理及氮的迁移转化黄翔峰

,,,,,,(,　200092):.8d4d,17.13～133.2mgL1.85～108.3mgL,29.4%91.6%,.、、;50%;,.,.,.:;;;:X703.1　:A　:0250-3301(2008)08-2219-08:2007-08-04;:2007-08-23:(863)(2002AA601012):(1974～),,,,,E-mail:[e-mail]tionofNitrogeninaHRAPTreatingDomesticWastewaterinRuralAreaHUANGXiang-feng,WENYue,HEShao-lin,CHENGuang,LIXu-dong,YANGDian-hai,ZHOUQi(StateKeyLaboratoryofPollutionControlandResourceReuse,CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)Abstract:Themigrationandtransformationofnitrogenwerestudiedinahigh-ratealgalpond(HRAP)treatingdomesticwastewater.Totalnitrogenvariedfrom17.13mgLto133.2mgLwhileammoniarangedfrom1.85mgLto108.3mgLindomesticwastewater.AtHRTof8d,theannualaverageremovalefficiencyforTNandammoniawere29.4%and91.6%,respectivelyinthetwo-stageHRAP.Thetreatmentperformancerankedinadescendingorderasfollows:summer,autumn,spring,winter.ThemajormechanismforthemigrationandtransformationofnitrogeninHRAPwerenitrification,assimilationbyalgaeandotherssuchasammoniaevaporation.Nitrificationcontributedtomorethan50%ofammoniaremoval.Despitethepossibility,thecontributionofammoniaprecipitationwasnegligibleinHRAP.Thetotalnitrogenwasmainlyremovedthroughassimilationintoparticularorganicsandsubsequentseparation.Thecontributionofammoniaevaporationtototalnitrogenremovalwasmarginal.TheoverallremovalofTNcanbeimprovedbyrecyclingsometreatedeffluenttotheupstreamseptictankorbyupgradingapolishinghydrophytepond.Keywords:high-ratealgalpond;domesticwastewaterinruralareas;nitrogenremoval;migrationandtransformation　　,,.130:43.5%45.1%[1].,.,、、.(highratealgaepond,HRAP)Oswald[2].HRAP,、O2CO2、、,、.,HRAP、,.HRAP、、、、[3],.HRAP.1　1.1　.1.5km,,,2300,700.1.29820088　　　　　　ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.29,No.8Aug.,2008DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.2008.08.0211　Fig.1　Experimentalset-upandflowsheet　,、HRAP,,.16m3,HRAP16m,5m,　　,0.50m,0.35ms.,20m3.1.2　1HRAP.1.3　,06:00～18:00,,,.HRAPHRT8d,HRT4d.pH、、COD、、、、、、、a(Chl-a)[4],1～2.09:30.1　mg·L-1Table1　CharacteristicsoftheinfluentfeedtoHRAPmg·L-1CODSSpH554.9±123.562.93±35.1285.01±20.154.65±1.246.95±4.2198.21±30.27.85±0.871.4　,HRAP,0.5m,,0.35ms.,HRAP、.2d,,3d,.(Scenedesmusquadricauda),.Chl-a0.28mgL.2　2.1　2CODCOD(DCOD).,HRAPCOD,COD554.85mgL,80%,、.COD;HRAPCOD,DCOD,HRAPDCODCOD,COD.CODSS,100mgL,DCOD70mgL,SS(),.2　HRAPCODDCOD1)Table2　CODandDCODremovalineachunitofHRAPsystemCOD(DCOD)mg·L-1HRAPHRAP%(10～11)341.1±98.3306.4±21.4(185.4)213.0±12.5(76.26)217.2±16.5(68.59)111.1±10.2(66.58)67.4(12～1)447.2±113.2259.1±25.4(175.8)223.8±13.6(124.52)228.5±14.5(84.73)146.0±11.4(70.84)67.4(3～5)730.3±210.2314.5±35.1(202.2)263.7±17.4(83.55)261.0±21.1(81.08)102.5±5.15(72.49)86.0(6～8)636.1±145.2266.5±15.4(176.9)264.9±19.5(73.23)264.0±16.1(61.89)95.5±4.25(68.91)85.0554.9±123.5289.4±20.1(186.9)243.2±21.5(87.45)244.1±15.8(73.87)110.9±10.2(70.52)80.01)DCOD　　TP1.7～17.1mgL,,TP1.83～4.44mgL.TP,65%～70%;TP,8.9%16.5%.、[5].2.2　HRAP3.2220　　　　　　2920～85mgL,12～50mgL[6].,,;,.3,HRAP51.8%,70%,.HRAP.(DTN)HRAP,COD,DTNHRAP,.40.96mgL,.3　HRAPTNDTN1)Table3　TNandDTNremovalineachunitofHRAPsystemTN(DTN)mg·L-1HRAPHRAP%(10～11)91.40±22.1390.28±26.45(83.48)67.09±11.34(59.99)57.85±8.46(48.92)39.72±4.58(36.72)51.2(12～1)88.38±21.4578.12±24.33(71.76)78.44±8.68(68.38)69.20±6.77(64.04)65.70±3.58(59.29)25.7(3～5)89.95±20.1473.79±17.50(65.79)56.70±14.80(45.32)53.52±11.92(42.78)38.71±5.48(36.61)57.0(6～8)80.37±19.4866.29±18.38(59.89)45.02±8.30(35.26)41.13±10.02(31.47)25.58±5.45(23.87)68.285.01±20.1576.75±22.88(69.57)60.76±16.22(51.01)54.19±13.55(45.17)40.96±4.58(37.91)51.81)DTN　　2HRAPN.,,84%.HRAP,HRAP.,.1m,,、,,,,.;,.,70.9%.,.2　HRAPNFig.2　SeasonaldistributionofvariousnitrogenspeciesineachunitofHRAPs　2.3　,HRAP,、.HRAP.2.3.1　3HRAP.,22218:HRAP.,HRAP5mgL.HRAP91.6%,80%,.3　HRAPFig.3　NH+4-NremovalofeachstageofHRAPs　2.3.2　:①;②;③;④.(1)HRAP.Yakup[5],HRAPpHDO,.Picot[7,8].Mclean[9～13]　　　().,Picot[7]pHDO,pH8.0～10.0、DO0～35mgL..Cromar[12]DO6～10mgL,pH7.4～10.8,.,HRAPDO1.8mgL(),DO9～12mgL,pH7.0～9.5,,.HRAP()DO,,,,.HRAP4,、.4,HRAP,61.6%70.9%.HRAP,.García[11]HRAPHRT=8d.“”.,,N,.4　HRAP%Table4　SeasonalvariationsofnitrificationcontributionofeachstageofHRAP%(10～11)(12～1)(3～5)(6～8)HRAP63.0±3.593.5±1.550.8±3.549.3±4.261.6±10.5HRAP56.2±4.183.9±3.287.5±2.648.0±4.170.9±8.9　　HRAP,(06:00～18:00),2h、NO-3-NNO-2-N.104,16.4～18.8℃,MLSS110mgL.4,14.80mgL,;NO-2-N,NO-3-N.1.55mgL,4h,1mgL;NO-2-N,NO-3-N.,HRAP,、HRAPy=0.1362x+14.42　(r2=0.8927),y=0.1016x+22.54　(r2=0.9002).:、HRAP0.1362mg(L·h)0.1016mg(L·h),1.2382mg(g·h)0.8835mg(g·h).(2)NH3,,、NH3.pH,、[14].HRAPpH,,.Konig[15]HRAP,pH910,40%80%.Picot[7]36.1%46.3%“”,2222　　　　　　294　HRAPNH+4-N、NO-3-NNO-2-NFig.4　DiurnalvariationsofNH+4-N,NO-3-NandNO-2-NconcentrationsineachstageofHRAPs　HRAP.,5.500mm×350mm×285mmHRAP,135mm.,,500mL2%NH3.5　HRAPFig.5　Experimentalset-upfordeterminationofammoniavolatilizationrateintheHRAP　,24h,5.97mgL,pH7.65,31.9℃,0.5ms,1ms(),(83.0±5.7)mg(m2·d).0.5ms,0.5ms.Weiler[14,16],,.,2～3ms,2.5ms,415.01mg(m2·d),0.83mg(L·d)(0.5m).,(),0,StrattonHRAP[17]:NNH3=0.0566dexp[0.13(t-20)][NH3](1),NNH3[mg(L·d)],[NH3]NH3(mgL),d(m),t(℃).(1),NH3,,.Stratton,.[18],