工湿地脱氮除磷的效果与机理研究进展

3320059WETLANDSCIENCEVol.3No.3Sept.,2005:2005-04-04;:2005-05-10::;:(1977-),,,,E2mail:[e-mail]1,2,1,1,1,2,1(1.,210008;2.,100039):,,,,,,:;;;;;:X26:A:1672-5948(2005)03-228-072050,,,,,,,,[1],,,,,,[26],,[79],1,,,,(SFCW)(SSFCW),(HSSFCW)(VSSFCW),(WSSFCW)[10]SFCW,(),0.20.4m,SSFW,(),SFCW,;SSFCW,,,,BOD,COD,SS90%,,50%[11],60%86%[12],(50m2m-3d-1),90%[13],SF2CW,3:229,,,10%15%[14];SSFCW,,,800,35%,25%,50%40%[15],VSSFCWHSSFCW,,[16]WSSFCW,,,[10],,WSSFCWHSSFCW,22.0%8.4%,,22.1,:NH+4,,,,,,-,,80%[17]NH3-NNO-2-NNO-3-N,N2ON2,N2O(),N2,pH,[11],,pH6,,,,,2.2,3,11Fig.1Phosphorusformsandreactionpathsinconstructedwetlands,CaFeCaFePO4-3,,[18],,100%,[17],ATP,,,,,[19],,,,23033,,,,,,3:(),(),90%,70%,20%,10%[20]33.1,,,,,,,,[17],,[13]:LECA()[18,21],(),[22],,,,;,,28.2%,67%83.7%,[23];--94%[24][25,26],400800m2/g,,,,99%-,,[27],,EPC0(equilibriumPconcentration),,EPC0,Smax()Pr(),Smax[20,21]3.2,,90%[28]:,80%98%,60%96%[29];(Phragmitascommunis)75.6%,26.9%[30];(Ficussp.),,17%12%[31],,(Oryzaglaberrima,Oryzasa2tivaL.)(Pennisetumpurpuremschumach),,50%[32],,,(Juncuseffusus)(),[13]Tanner,,[33](Azolla),,71.7%[34],(Eichhorniacrass)(Eichhorniacrassipes)[35],(Zizaniscaduciflora)[30]3:231,Reddy,,(HydrocotyleumbellataL.)[36][37],Tanner8,[33],,,,(Typhaangustifolia)2025cm,[38],,,40%50%[31],,,,,3.3,,15%[30]:(Acinetobacter)(Aeromonas)(Pseudomonas)[29,39],,,,,,,12[35],3.4,3,pH3.4.1,,1[14],,,[39],,,,,3:Cd2+Zn2+Cu2+[40]3.4.2(HRT)Huang,NH+4-NTKNHRT,HRT,[41]Brooks,,,,,,,HRT,40h[18],24h,[20]3.4.3,(-818),3%15%[42]Kuschk,,[43],,,,,,,,,,[44]23233.4.4pHpH78,-,1000mg/L,[24],Braskerud,,,[42]4,,KadlecKnight[14],:Cout=(Cin-C3)exp(-kq-1)+C3(1)k(mm/d);q(mm/d),(q=QA-1,Q,A);CoutCin/(mg/L);C3(mg/L),kC3,,[45]Braskerud[42],,k,,(ON,gm-2d-1)(OSS,gm-2d-1)(A,OSS)(T,),:ON=0.14+0.017OSS-0.014A+0.012T,,,[46],,55.1(1),,,,,,(2),,(3),,,,5.2,,,:(1),(2)(1%2%)[47](3)CaFeAl(4),(5),(6)(7),,[13](8),,,,,3:233,,,,:,,,:[1],,,.[M].:,2003.328383.[2]VrhovÍekD,KukanjaV,BulcT.Constructedwetland(CW)forindustrialwastewatertreatment[J].WaterResearch,1996,30(10):2287-2292.[3]SolanoML,SorianoP,CiriaMP.Constructedwetlandsasasustainablesolutionforwastewatertreatment[J].BiosystemsEngineering,2004,87(1):109-118.[4]CronkJK.Constructedwetlandstotreatwastewaterfromdairyandswineoperations:areview[J].Agriculture,EcosystemsandEnvironment,1996,58:97-114.[5].[J].,1997,10(4):1519.[6],.[J].,2002,13(1):113117.[7],.[J].,2003,19(4):8283.[8],,.[J].,2003,22(3):7478.[9],,,.[J].,2000,22(6):4345.[10],,,.[J].(),2004,7(4):7578.[11]VerhoevenJTA,MeulemanAFM.Wetlandsforwastewatertreatment:Opportunitiesandlimitations[J].Ecologicalengi2neering,1999,12:5-12.[12]GersbergRM,ElkinsBV,GoldmanCR.Nitrogenremovalinartificialwetlands[J].WaterResearch,1983,17:1009-1014.[13]LuederitzV,EckertE,Lange-WeberM,etal.Nutrientremov2alefficiencyandresourceeconomicsofverticalflowandhorizon2talflowconstructedwetlands[J].EcologicalEngineering,2001,18:157-171.[14]KadlecRH,KnightRL.Treatmentwetlands[M].BocaRa2ton,Folrida:Lewispublishers,1996.893.[15]SchierupHH,BrixH,LorenzeJ.Wastwatertreatmentincon2structedreedbedsinDenmark,stateoftheart[A].In:CooperPF,FindlaterBC,eds.,Constructedwetlandsinwaterpollu2tioncontrol[C].Oxford:PergamonPress,1990.495-504.[16],,,.[J].,2004,20(10):1821.[17]YangL,ChangHT,HuangMNL.Nutrientremovalingravel-andsoil-basedwetlandmicrocosmswithandwithoutvegeta2tion[J].EcologicalEngineering,2001,18:91-105.[18]BrooksAS,RozenwaldMN,GeohringLD,etal..Phosphorusremovalbywollastonite:Aconstructedwetlandsubstrate[J].EcologicalEngineering,2000,15:121-132.[19]Williams.Adsorptionanddesorptionofinorganicphosphorousbylakesedimentsina0.1MNaClSystem[J].EnvironmentalSci2ence&Technology,1970,4:517.[20]LantzkeLR,MitchellDS,HeritageAD,etal..Amodeloffactorscontrollingorthophosphateremovalinplantedverticalflowwetlands[J].EcologicalEngineering,1999,12:93-105.[21]PantHK,ReddyKR,LemonE.Phosphorusretentioncapacityofrootbedmediaofsub-surfaceflowconstructedwetlands[J].EcologicalEngineering,2001,17:345-355.[22]GreenwayM,WoolleyA.ConstructedwetlandsinQueensland:Performanceefficiencyandnutrientbioaccumulation[J].Eco2logicalEngineering,1999,12:39-56.[23].[J].,2000,16(2):16.[24],,.-.[J].,1997,9(4):351358.[25],,,.():[J].,2002,():6365.[26],.[J].,2002,21(1):6567.[27],.[J].,2002,21(10):603605.[28]ReddyKR,AngeloEM,DebuskTA.Oxygentransportthroughaquaticmacrophytes:theroleinwastewatertreatment[J].Jour2nalofEnvironmentalQuality,1989,19:261-270.[29],,,.[J].,1999,32(4):6973.[30],,,.[J].,2003,24(1):113116.[31],,,.[J].,2003,23(3):614619.[32],,,.[J].,1998,22(1):18.[33]TannerCC.Plantsforconstructedwetlandtreatmentsystems-Acomparisonofthegrowthandnutrientuptakeofeightemergentspecies[J].EcologicalEngineering,1996,7:59-83.[34],,.2343[J].,2002,3(4):7451.[35],,,.[J].(),2003,33(4):575578.[36]ReddyKR,Debusk.Nutrientremovalofselectedaquaticmacro2phytes[J].JournalofEnvironmentalQuality,1985,14(4):459-462.[37],.[J].,1999,19(2):236241.[38],.-.[J].,1998,10(1):6266.[39],,.[J].,1996,12(5):3233.[40],SakadevanK,BavorJ.Cd2+Cu2+Zn2+[J].,2000,21(4):110112.[41]HuangJ,ReneauJRRB,HagedornC.Nitrogenremovalin