固定化硝化菌去除氨氮的研究王磊

18219973　　　　　　ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.18,No.2Mar.,1997*王　磊　兰淑澄(,　100037)　(PVA),,,(NH4)2SO4.;、;.:24—28℃,7.5%,HRT8h,NH4-N0.6kg/(m3d)3.49kg/(m3d),NH4-N95.5%,COD80%.　,,,.*　:1996-10-20　　,,80,.NH4-N.1　(PVA):1750±50;:160;:A2/O.,.1:　　PVA(45.2%)50%4.8%)35℃(2%CaCl2pH)24h3mm3mm1　,2.1×1011/g.2　2.1　(1)　PVA　7.5%、10%、12.5%3PVA,:PVA7.5%—10%.PVA7.5%,,,,;PVA10%,PVA,,;,,,,PVA10%.(2)　,18h,24h.18h,,,PVA;,,,.(3)　PVA()DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.1997.02.005.,,,.,PVA-2%CaCl2,,.(4)pH　20℃,.,pH.,pH.Na2CO3pH6.7,.2.2　(1)　　(Kr).,(Rrp),.2　2:,Rrp;3,Rrp.,20d.,.(2)　　,,.3%..2.3　(1),,,PVA,,.(2)PVA,,,,.(3),,.(4),,,;,;,.,.(5),.、、,、.(6),,.2.4　1L,60cm,4.8cm,.(1)　.3、4NH4-NCOD.3　NH4-N1.NH4-N　2.NH4-N3.　4.　　(COD371.7mg/L,NH4-N60.7mg/L),3hCOD98.5%,3hCOD191　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4　COD1.COD　2.COD3.　4.93.1%.9h,,11.3;NH4-N5.6mg/L,90.8%,81.1%.(2)CODNH4-N　5CODNH4-N,5.5　5NH4-N1.NH4-N　2.COD　3.COD/NH4-N　　,COD,,,.COD,5.()(),(),COD,;,,,,.:27℃,7.5%,HRT8h,COD134.9kg/(m3d),NH4-N3.07kg/(m3d),NH4-N100%,COD86.7%.(3)pH　6.6　　　,,,pH,pH,.pH,,.pH7.0-8.5.(4)　.,.25—35℃.,:15—20℃,.7,24—28℃,,.7　3　(23)20　　　　　　18,3.:,,.,,,,,.[2]:,,,,,.,,,,,.,,,,,,.3.3　.,.,,,,,,,.,[3].4　　　(1)、5.,2..(2)、5.,,,、,..(3).　　　1　PitterPetal..BiodegradabilityofOrganicSubstancesintheAquaticEnvironment,CRCPress,19922　..:,19913　SatoshiFukuzakietal..Appl.Environ.Microbiol..1990,56(3):719(20)(1)PVA、、、、pH.(2)PVA-,3%,30d,,408mg/(Lh).(3),.COD;pH;.　　　1　.,1993,14(5):512　.,1993,15(3):373　.,1986,23(262):414　..:,1993:6375　Etsuoetal..Biotech.andBioeng.,1982,XXIV:15916　TramperJetal..Eur.J.Appl.Microbial.Biotech.,1983,187　.,28(334):448　.,1991,14(10,11):755;8209　.,1990,31(3):13910　..:,1989:131231　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　theeffectsongrowthandgenetictoxicityofplants;SR-bac.enterthebloodwithin6hoursafteroralintubationandareexcretedfromurineanddungafter24hours,andfinallyaredestroyedinthebloodafter7-9days.TheSR-bac.aresafeinindustryapplicationofpu-rifyingheavymetalsinthewastewater.Keywords:SR-bacterium,safety,toxicity,tox-igenecity,animaltest.StudyonRemovingAmmoniumNitrogenfromWastewaterbyImmobilizedNitrobacteria.WangLei,LanShucheng(BeijingMunicipalResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalProtec-tion,Beijing100037):Chin.J.Environ.Sci.,18(2),1997,pp.18-22Thisresearchaimedattheimmobilizationpro-cessofnitrobacteriaandremovingammoniumnitrogenfromwastewaterbyimmobilizedni-trobacteria.Animmobilizationsystemwasob-tainedwithentrappingcultivatednitrifyingac-tivatedsludgeinmixedpolyvinylalcohol(PVA)gelbeadsandpowderedactivatedcar-bon,treatingcomposedwastewatermainlyconsistedof(NH4)2SO4andglucose.Thein-fluencefactorsofimmobilizedprocessandni-trificationwerestudied.Somebiologicalchar-acterastics,suchasoxigenusingrate(OUR)andremainingactivity(RA),weretested.Mi-crobekindsanddistributionofimmobilizedmicrobialwereobservedandanalyzedbyelec-tronmicroscope.Theresultsshowedthatun-dertheconditionof24-28℃、pelletspackagepercentage7.5%、HRT8h,influentNH4-Nloadingrateincreasedfrom0.6kg/(m3d)to3.49kg/(m3d),NH4-Nremovalefficiencyreached95.5%andCODkeptmorethan80%.Keywords:immobilization,nitrobacteria,wastewater,biologicalremovalofammonium.StudyonInhibitoryCharacteristicsofRefrac-toryOrganismsHeMiao,ZhangXiaojianetal.(Dept.ofEnviron.Eng.,TsinghuaUniver-sity,Beijing100084):Chin.J.Environ.Sci.,18(2),1997,pp.21-23Asystematicstudyoninhibitorycharacteris-ticsofheterocyclicandpolycyclicaromaticcompoundswasconductedundertheaerobiccondition.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatfivecompoundssuchascarbazoleandbiphenylhavethesimilarinhibitorycharacter-istics,whichshowsacuteeverlastingtoxicityandstrongstrengthofinhibition,belongingtothemechanismofirreversibleinhibition,fivecompoundssuchasquinolineandindoleincipi-entlyinhibitthedegradationofphenol,whichpassthroughinductionperiod,recoverperiodtonormaldegradationperiod,belongingtothemechanismofreversibleinhibition;theinhibi-tionofnaphthaleneisofcompetitive.Keywords:heterocycliccompounds,polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,inhibitorycharacteris-tics,cosubstrate.AnalysisofButyltinCompoundsbyExtrac-tion/TLCSeparation/Scinticounting.HuangGuolan,ChenChunjiang,DaiShugui(Depart-mentofEnvironmentalScience,NankaiUni-versity,Tianjin,300071):Chin.J.Environ.Sci.,18(2),1997,pp.24-27Inordertostudythetransportandtransfor-mationoftributyltinintheaquaticenviron-mentwith14Ccarbonisotopetracertechnique,authordevelopedananalyticalmethodofEx-traction/TLCSeparation/Scinticountingforthedeterminationof14C-labelled-butyltincom-pounds.TLCseparationconditionsandinflu-encefactorswereinvestigated.Therecoveriesof14C-labelled-butyltincompoundsintheenvi-ronmentalsamplessuchaswater,sedimentandbiotaweredeterminedforthefirsttime.TheexperimentalresultshowedthattheRfvalueofbutyltincompoundsincreaseswiththeincreasingproportionofpolarcomponent(aceticacid)inthedeveloper.Whentheratioisopropylethertoaceticacidis971,optimumseparationisachieved.Theinfluenceoftem-peratureonRfvalueisnotsignificant.TheRfvalueofdi-andmonobutyltinisinfluencedbytheextractingcomplexagent,tropolone.Therecoveriesof14C-labeledtributyltininwater,waterfilteredwitha0.45μmfilter-mem-brane,