光催化氧化法降解有机污染物影响因素及其效率提高途径王能亮

36220072　　　AppliedChemicalIndustryVol.36No.2Feb.2007:2006-12-15:(05YFGDGX10000);　　　　　　(0605140):(1983-),,,,,、。:13752798490,E-mail:[e-mail]王能亮1,解立平2(1.,　300160;2.,　300160)　:、、,、,。:;;;:X505;TQ034　　　:A　　　:1671-3206(2007)002-0183-04InfluencefactorsofthephotocatalyticdegradationoforganicpollutantsandapproachtoimprovingphotocatalyticefficiencyWANGNeng-liang1,XIELi-ping2(1.CollegeofMaterialsScienceandChemicalEngineering,TianjinPolytechnicUniversity,Tianjin300160,China;2.KeyLaboratoryofHollowFiberMembraneMaterialsandMembraneProcessofMinistryofEducation,JiamjinPolyteohnicUniversity,Tianjin300160,China)Abstract:Thepaperanalysestheinfluencingfactorsofphotocatalyticdegradationfororganicpollutants,suchaspropertyofcatalystsandpollutantsaswellasreactionconditions.Theapproachestoimprovethephotocatalyticefficiencybycatalystmodification,highefficiencyphotocatalyticreactorandtheintegrationofphotocatalyticandothertechnologiesarealsodiscussed.Thekeyproblemsinitsindustrialapplicationandtheprospectsareputforwardfinally.Keywords:photocatalyticoxidation;degradationoforganicpollutants;photocatalyticreactor;hybridprocesses　　、、、,,TiO2。、、3,、、,。1　1.1　　　n-,TiO2、ZnO、CdS、WO3、SnO2Fe2O3,。TiO2ZnO,CdS,ZnOCdS,,Zn2+Cd2+,。DOI:10.16581/j.cnki.issn1671-3206.2007.02.02436,p-Cu2O。1.2　1.2.1　污染物的结构　。。Zhang[1],,TiO2,,·OH。[2]TiO29,,;,;,;TiO2:,。1.2.2　污染物中离子种类　Cl、S、N。Abdullah[3],、,10-3mol/L,20%～70%,。1.3　1.3.1　pH值　pHTiO2、。pH,TiO2,,TiO2;,,·OH;pH,OH-TiO2,。,pH。1.3.2　光照强度和时间　,TiO2,、、。,,,·OH。[4]0,300,500W,,CODcr。,,CODcr,。1.3.3　水和空气　。[5],·OH;,。,,,,;,TiO2。1.3.4　污染物浓度　、。[6]TiO2:。[7]TiO2:,。1.3.5　反应温度　、、,,;,,。1.3.6　催化剂的浓度　,,,,、。[8]TiO2:,CODcr,;,;,;,。2　2.1　2.1.1　减小颗粒大小　(QSE)1～10nm,,。CdS2.6nm,2.6eV3.6eV;TiO210nm,[9]。,。2.1.2　过渡金属离子掺杂　,,,。Choi[10],21TiO21842:,:Fe3+、Mo5+、Re5+、Ru3+、V4+、Rh3+,Fe3+;Li+、A13+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ga2+、Nb3+、Sn4+,。2.1.3　半导体复合　,,,,TiO2-CdS、TiO2-SnO2、TiO2-CdSe、TiO2-WO3、TiO2-PbS,。TiO2-SnO210;TiO2-WO31,4-[11]。2.1.4　表面负载　。、、、、、、、[12,13]。[14],TiO2,4BS,。2.1.5　表面光敏化　(),。、、、、、(ErythrosinB)、(Thionine)。8-TiO2,、、[15]。2.1.6　酸性调变　,,TiO2,,,,,。SO42-/TiO2CH3Br,TiO2[16]。2.1.7　贵金属沉积　(Pt、Rh、Au、Ag、Ru)、,TiO2,。[17]Ag-TiO2,TiO28。2.1.8　表面螯合及衍生作用　,,,TiO2。Uchihana[18]、OH-、EDTATiO2,。2-,TiO2Pt/TiO22.3[19]。2.1.9　新型光催化剂　,,LaFeO3、LaCoO3、Lal2xCaxFeO3、LaFe1-xCuxO3,Bi2Ti2O7、Bi2TiO20,[20,21],。2.2　　　3:①,,、、,,;②,、,,;③,、、、,,,,。2.3　,,。2.3.1　超声-光催化联用　()(),,,,。,。[22]TiO2:,O2,。2.3.2　电-光催化联用　,,,,,,。[23]TiO2/Pt/glass,G,1853625%。2.3.3　生物-光催化联用　、,;,,,。。[24]TiO2-,3,COD,。2.3.4　膜分离-光催化联用　,,。,,,,。[25],,COD、TKN。3　　　,。,、:①,;②,,,;③,、,,,,;④,;⑤,,。:[1]　ZhangRB,GaoL,ZhangQH.Photodegradationofsurfac-tantsonthenanosizedTiO2preparedbyhydrolysisofthealkoxidetitanium[J].Chemosphere,2004,54(3):405-411.[2]　,,,.[J].,1999,20(3):356-358.[3]　AbdullahM,LowGKC,MattewsRW.Effectofcommoninorganicanionsonratesofphotocatalyticoxidationofor-ganiccarbonoverilluminatedtitaniumdioxide[J].JPhysChem,1990,94(17):6820-6825.[4]　,.TiO2[J].,2004,12(6):36-38.[5]　GeorgeP,Fotou,Sotirise,etal.Photocatalyticdestructionofphenolandsalicylieacidwithaerosolrnadeandcommer-cialtitaniapowders[J].ChemEngComm,1996,151:251-255.[6]　.TiO2[J].,2000,13(4):26-27.[7]　,,,.[J].:,2002,25(4):565-568.[8]　,,,.[J].,2001,22(1):41-44.[9]　AnpoM,KawamuraT,KodamaS,etal.Photocatalysisontitanium-aluminumbinarymetaloxides:enhancementofthephotocatalyticactivityoftitaniaspecies[J].JPhysChem,1988,92(2):438-440.[10]ChoiWK,HoffmannMR.Theroleofmetaliondopantsinquantum-sizedTiO2:correlationbetweenphotoreactivityandchargecarrierrecombinationdynamics[J].JPhysChem,1994,98(51):13669-13679.[11],.TiO2-SnO2[J].,2003,24(4):243-247.[12]DurgakumariV,SubrahmanyanM.AneasyandefficientuseofTiO2supportedHZSH-5andTiO2+HZSMzeolitecombineinthephotodegradationofaqueousphenolandp-chlorophenol[J].ApplCatalA:General,2002,234:155-165.[13]ShojiN,YuuH,IshiharaSI,etal.Preparationofcarbon/TiO2microspherecompositesfromcelluloseTiO2micro-pherecompositeandtheirevalution[J].JMolCatalA:Chem,2002,177:253-263.[14],,,.TiO2[J].,2000,20(9):8-11.[15]ChatterjeeD,MahataA.Photoassisteddetoxificationofor-ganicpollutantsonthesurfacemodifiedTiO2semiconductorparticulatesystem[J].Cata1Commun,2001,2(1):1-5.(190)18636,MT。:[1]　MargoshoesM,ValleeBL.Acadmiumproteinfromequinekidneycortex[J].AmChemSoc,1957,79:4813-4814.[2]　,.[J].:,2001,22(3):86-91.[3]　OnsakaS,CherianMG.Theinducedsynthesisofmetallo-thioneininvarioustissuesofratsinresponsetometalsⅡ:influenceofzincstatusandspecificeffectonpancreaticmetallothionein[J].Toxicol,1982,23(1):11.[4]　,,,.[J].,1999,19(4):4-8.[5]　,,,.[J].,1992,24(6):509-514.[6]　,,,.———[J].,1996,3(1):31-33.[7]　,,,.(MT)[J].,2004,22(1):61-65.[8]　OlafsonRW,SimRG.Anelectrochemicalapproachtoquantitationandcharacterizationofmetallothioneins[J].AnalyticalBiochemistry,1979,100:343-351.[9]　BebiannoMJ,LangstonWJ.Cadmiuminductionofmetal-lothioneinsynthesisinMytilusgalloprovincialis[J].CompBiochemPhysiol,1992,103C:79-85.[10]MartaDabrio,AdelaRRodríguez.Characterisationofzincmetallothioneinsbyelectroanalyticaltechniques[J].Ana-lyticaChimicaActa,1999,385:295-306.[11]HunzikerPE,KaurP,WanM,etal.PrimarystructureofsevenM