广西某地金属冶炼废水外溢对农田土壤的污染特征

3211201111ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol．32No．11Nov．2011121*1.5500022.100049V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb、UAs．Zn、Mn、As、Pb、Cd、Sb113.28～212.22、251.67～2429.29、34.44～130.28、50.63～544.74、63.44～317.33、39.41～551.17mg/kgAsZn、Mn、Pb、Cd、SbpHZn、Cr、Cd．．X53A0250-3301201111-3312-062010-12-242011-04-0509CJ015000410210621982～[e-mail]*[e-mail]lSoilsbyaWastewaterOutflowfromaMetalSmelterinGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegionYUANYong-qiang12LIUCong-qiang11.StateKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalGeochemistryInstituteofGeochemistryChineseAcademyofSciencesGuiyang550002China2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100049ChinaAbstractPollutioncharacteristicsofheavymetalsinthefarmlandsoilnearbyametalsmelterwerestudied．SoilsampleswerecollectedandthecontentsofelementsVCrMnCoNiCuZnRbSrMoCdSnSbPbUandAsinthebulksamplesofsoilprofilesweremeasuredwiththeobjectivestoidentifythepollutionstatusandpollutioncharacteristicsofthefarmlandsoilthatweresufferedfromsmeltereffluentsfloodinganacutepollutionaccident．TheresultsindicatethattheconcentrationsofheavymetalsZnMnAsPbCdSbinthesoilwere113.28-212.22251.67-2429.2934.44-130.2850.63-544.7463.44-317.3339.41-551.17mg/kgrespectivelyhigherthanthebackgroundlevel．ThesepollutedsoilsnotonlyhavehighconcentrationsofAsbutalsooftheZnMnPbCdandSb．Accordingtocorrelationanalysispollutionleveliscloselywithlocalnonferrousmetalexploitationandprincipalpollutantshavethesamesource．SometracemetalssuchasZnCrCdshowincreasingconcentrationfirstandthendecreasingtrendinthesoilprofile．Soilacidificationappearsinthetopsoil．Thisstudyhascharacterizedthemetalpollutioninsoilsfloodedbysuddensmeltingeffluentsspillingandprovidedatheorybaseforpollutiontreatment．Keywordssmeltingeffluentsoutflowsoilheavymetalpollutioncharacteristics、1．2～4、5～89～11．、．12～14．、15～17．200892539.2mm．2、600．、．18191120．、．．．11.1107°33'～108°13'、22°22'～24°55'．———、、、．1Fig．1Locationofsamplingsites200910、4PS、VS、CSUPS1．VS、CS0～20cm．PS、UPS20～5、5～10、10～15、15～20、20～25、25～35、35～45、45～55、55～65cm．10100．1.2100HNO3-HF-HCLO421Cd、PbAASICP-MSPlatformICPMicromassInstrumentsCorporationGBW-07401．pHGB7859-872.5∶1．SPSS16.0、EXCEL．22.115V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr、Mo、Cd、Sn、Sb、Pb、UAs．222324～261.1Igeo=log2cn1.5Bn1cnnBnn1.5．Frstner272.Sr、Pb-1aCr、Ni、CoRb、Mo2Sr28Mn、ZnCd、Sb．Cd11.19＞Sb7.20＞Pb2.80＞Sr2.23＞As2.10＞Mn1.67＞Zn1.12．．3CdPb、3133321Table1Analyticresultsofheavymetalcontentsintheupperlayerofvegetableandcornfieldsnearbythesmelter/mg·kg－1±1/IgeoV29.49～101.2686.08±42.2992.4382.4031.04－0.53Cr93.92～133.08118.94±17.25124.3756.2522.110.49Mn251.67～2429.29828.40±1068.15316.32172.5724.801.67Co20.57～22.9521.83±1.0821.8912.7031.720.20Ni59.12～67.3763.25±3.7963.2526.6022.370.66Cu15.67～32.8123.08±7.2521.9320.7921.11－0.43Zn113.28～212.22151.37±44.55139.9946.4323.261.12As34.44～130.2872.20±44.2662.0320.5023.521.23Rb297.92～388.00336.50±43.30330.04111.0033.031.01Sr619.55～2183.691176.02±690.14950.43167.0037.042.23Mo6.51～7.456.96±0.396.932.0033.481.21Cd63.44～317.33217.23±108.25244.070.06223503.7111.19Sn1.16～2.031.45±0.411.302.6020.56－1.42Sb39.41～551.17266.27±211.68237.241.213220.067.20Pb50.63～544.74196.28±233.7294.8718.82210.432.80U4.28～4.764.51±0.224.493.0331.49－0.011n=42223232Table2PollutionestimationofsoilusingIgeoIgeo＜00V、Cu、Sn、U0≤Igeo＜11-Cr、Co、Ni1≤Igeo＜22Mn、Zn、As、Rb、Mo2≤Igeo＜33-Sr、Pb3≤Igeo＜444≤Igeo＜55-Igeo≥56Cd、SbAs、SbNiCr、ZnCdPbPbAsSbAsSbNiZn．73ⅠCdAs、SbPbⅡNiZnⅢCr．3As、Sb、Pb、CdZn．1As、Sb、PbCd0.064、0.866、0.0180.5012Ni、Zn3Cr2．．31Table3CorrelationanalysisofprincipalheavymetalsCdPbAsSbCrNiZnCd10.731*0.4870.5410.277－0.497－0.799＊＊Pb10.904＊＊0.879＊＊－0.234－0.508－0.599As10.958＊＊－0.383－0.432－0.362Sb1－0.383－0.492－0.468Cr10.409－0.090Ni10.760*Zn11＊＊P＜0.01*P＜0.052.2pHPSUPS0～30cmpH0～5cmpH5～15cmpH3gUPS4133112Fig．2Matrixofprincipalcomponentanalysisloadingsofheavymetalsintopsoil3pHFig．3HeavymetalsandpHprofilesofthesoilswithwastewaterfloodingandwithoutaffected．3UPSAs、Sb、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr0～20cm．．．3aAs130mg/kg30cm26.72mg/kg121．3bSbAs．5133323c3dCd、Pb0～20cmZn0～20cm100mg/kg．pHZn．Cr229．3PSZn、CdCr20～25cm．Sterckeman30pHpHZn、Cd、Cr．pH20～25cmpH6.7pH．pHpH、．31As．．31AsAs．AsPbCd、Sb．2pHZn、Cr、Cd．1RybickaEH．ImpactofminingandmetallurgicalindustriesontheenvironmentinPolandJ．AppliedGeochemistry1996111-23-9．2HallbergROGranhagenJRLiljemarkA．Aflyash/biosludgedrycoverforthemitigationofAMDatthefalunmineJ．ChemieDerErde-Geochemistry200565S143-63．3NeitoJMSarmientoAMOliasMetal．AcidminedrainagepollutionintheTintoandOdielriversIberianPyriteBeltSWSpainandbioavailabilityofthetransportedmetalstotheHuelvaEstuaryJ．EnvironmentInternational2007334445-455．4AkcilAKoldasS．AcidMineDrainageAMDCausestreatmentandcasestudiesJ．JournalofCleanerProduction20061412-131139-1145．5AguilarJDorronsoroCFernándezE．SoilpollutionbyapyriteminespillinSpainEvolutionintimeJ．EnvironmentalPollution20041323395-401．6ClementeRWalkerDJRoigA．HeavymetalbioavailabilityinasoilaffectedbymineralsulphidescontaminationfollowingtheminespillageatAznalcollarSpainJ．Biodegradation2003143199-205．7LiuHYProbstALiaoBH．MetalcontaminationofsoilsandcropsaffectedbytheCh