规模化猪场粪污处理技术研究进展汪善锋

251　　　Vol.25No.120042EcologyofDomesticAnimalFeb.2004汪善锋,陈安国,汪海峰(,　310029)[　]　我国规模化猪场的兴起与粪污处理的相对滞后,使养殖业对环境的污染日益严重,畜牧场的污染问题已越来越受到人们的关注和重视。通过营养调控的方式可以提高动物对养分利用率,从而减少动物代谢废物的排泄量,但动物的粪污排泄量仍大大超出环境的承受能力,因此必须加强猪场废弃物和污水的综合治理。本文就国内外粪污处理技术和(粪)污水处理的工艺等方面研究近况作一综述。[]　规模化猪场;粪污;污水;处理技术;再利用[]　S811.5　　　　　[]　A　　[]　1004-5228(2003)01-0049-06　　,,。,、、、、,,。,。。1　,,、、,。,、,。,(、)。1.1　,。400,(Xenophon)。,。,、。,,,,、。,,。、、、、。,。:,;,。1.2　Mellullunis(1922);MoelroyGoss(1940),Hamvonol(1942),Botsed(1943)。、、。3%～5%、14.8%、2.72%、2.13%(,2001),。“”,,。,(、、)[]　2003-01-20[]　(1976-),,,,:。。1967。,、,,。,(、、)、、、。1.3　Gayon(1884)35℃。Camovon(1895)(Septictank),。,、。,、、,、。,1。:(1)(),;(2),,,30～60d,;(3),;(4),,。:(1),,;(2),,,。,。1　2　2.1　、、、,pH、BOD、COD、SS、、N、P。、。、。()(、、);(、)(,、、、、)。2.1.1　厌氧法　,,:①(AF)　1969YoungMc-Carty,1972。2070,3.4m3/(m3d),65%。②(UASB)　1974Lettinga.1977。1983,.COD90%。③(UBF)　UASBAF,、、COD。④　1971Ghosh,,,(),。⑤(USR)　,、,、,4m3/(m3d),COD80%。。,,。,、,、。50　　　25,。,pH、、、。,30%～50%CODcr。,CODcr60%～65%。70%～85%COD(Bortone,1992),HRT(),,、、、,。2.1.2　好氧法　,、、、、、SBR、A/O。①　2070、。。,、、、。②　,,。,,COD90%,BOD。③SBR　Fill—Draw,、。,、SBR,COD70%,BOD80%,。;,。、SBR、A/O。、,,BOD、、、;SBR,,BOD;A/OBOD。,,、BOD。,,。2。CODcr2500～10000mg/L,BOD51500～6000mg/L,300～500mg/L、1000～1500mg/L,(Ⅰ)CODcr≤5000mg/L,。2.1.3　厌氧-好氧法　BOD,BOD。,,,。-,,3。,。2　3　-2.2　。。511:2.2.1　土地处理系统(LandTreatmentSystem)　,、。:(1)(RapidInfiltrationSystems)　,。。Kopchyns-ki(1995),。(2)(SlowRateSystems)　。Nelson(1995),。。(3)(OverlandFlow)　2%～8%、,,,。2.2.2　水生植物处理系统　2.2.2.1　()　。。,.。2.2.2.2　　,、、。、、、,。4。(1995),:BOD88.04%,COD88.56%,SS90.77%,88.29%,95.74%(,0.2mg/L,,,)。、、,、、,、、,,。。,、42。80～100m3/d,250gCODcr/(m2·d),CODcr12000mg/L、BOD59000mg/L、SS186000mg/L,,CODcr246mg/L、BOD5124mg/L、SS52mg/L。4　1　　(m)(cm/d)CODcr(%)BOD5(%)SS(%)113.7*7.5*0.58039.239.844.0214.0*7.5*0.57837.736.543.0313.5*7.5*0.58030.637.441.0418.7*7.5*0.56049.350.051.02.3　。,,,。,,。5。52　　　255　　　—(SBR)。SBRBODSS2881mg/L1418mg/L,BODSS18.7mg/L12.3mg/L。,、,,SBR(Wong,1989)。(2000)-()--,。,CODcr5000mg/L,CODcr97%,BOD598%,96%,(GB8978-88)。(2001),、--UASB-SBR-()。:(),35%、65%,。4600m3,COD6000～8000mg/L。-UASB---,COD1300mg/L730mg/L,COD150～200mg/L,NH3-N31mg/L,。(2000)-SBR-,(HRT)2.0～6.0h,CODcr30.1%～47.3%,BOD554.1%,SS56.0%～61.1%,TN22.3%,TP55.3%,NH3-N。CODcr17%。SBR(HRT)1.0～1.4d,CODcr、BOD5、SS52.1%～82.1%、89.0%～95.7%、93.9%～97.3%,CODcr。SBR,TN74.1%,NH3-N,,97%。,15min,CODcr、BOD5、NH\-3-N、TN、TP75.8%、78.6%、12.8%、20.3%、28.3%。,《》(GB8978-1996)。,。(2000)——A3/O,A3/O---,ABA2/O,ABA+A2/O。A,COD,,,A2/O。:30m3/d,1.5m3/h;::pH=6～9、BOD51200mg/L、CODcr2000mg/L、SS600mg/L、NH3-N180mg/L;,,:----A-------。(2000),--。,,,;200mg/L,。3500～4500mg/L,CODcr3.0kg/(m3·d),NH3-N0.22kg/(m3·d),CODcr≤400mg/L,NH3-N≤100mg/L。3　　,,、。.:①531:、;②,、;③。,,,“”。,,、、、,、、、。:[1]　,.[J].,2000,2:26-28.[2]　,,,.[J].,2002,23(3):58-61.[3]　.[J].,2001,19(1):29-34.[4]　　,　,　.[J].,1999,17(4):18-20.[5]　,,.[J].,2001,22(3):51-55.[6]　.[J].,1996,13(1):7-8.ResearchDevelopmentonTechnologyofFecesandSewageTreatmentinIntensiveScaledSwineFarmsWANGShan-feng,CHENAn-guo,WANGHai-feng(AnimalScienceCollege,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,310000,China)Abstract:Therisingofscaleswinefarmandlagofexcrementandsewagedisposalmakethepollutionofenvironmentmoreandmoreseriously;Therefore,howtosettletheproblemhasbeingahotgambit.Itispossiblethatimproveanimal'snutrientutilizationefficiencyanddecreaseexcretionquantityofanimalmetabolicordurethroughmethodsofnutrition.Buttheexcretionquantityofanimalordureisstillgreatlyovertoppedenduranceabilityofenvironment.Soitmaybestrengthenedoveralldisposalofordure.Thear-ticlemainlyreviewstherecentgeneralsituationoffecesandsewagetreatmentandreutilizationonintensivescaledswinefarms.Keyword:scaledswinefarms;feces;sewage;disposaltechnics;reutilization(上接第40页)ResourceInvestigationofGrassforRabbitsinLuoyangAreaWANGJian-ping1,XUEBang-qun1,CHENJu-tao2,LIUNing3,CHENJu-e1(1.HenanUniversityofScienceandTechnolog,Luoyang,Henan,471003,China;2.BaiMa-siFarm,Luoyang,Henan,471003,China;3.AnimalandPoultryCompanyofChunduGroupLuoyang,Henan,471003,China)Abstract:InordertolearntheresourcesofgrassforrabbitsinLuoyangCity,Henanprovince,Wein-vestigatedninecountiesandsixdistrictsinLuoyangandvisitednumbersoffarmerswhowerefeedingrab-bits.Theresultsshowthatthereare20families,43genus,50speciesofgrassusedgenerally,andfreshandtendergrasscanbecollectedfromthelasttendaysofMarchtothesecondtendaysofOctobereveryyear,andmanyofthemhavemedicinalvalue.Usedreasonably,itcanimproverabbitproductionremark-ably.Keywords:grass;rabbits;medicinalvalue54　　　25