海水对虾养殖塘排放废水生态处理设计程果锋

程果锋1,刘　晃1,2,吴　凡1(1;2,200092):针对海水对虾养殖废水中主要污染物悬浮颗粒物和氨氮的去除,构建了排水沟中沉淀及大型海藻吸附、贝藻协同净化和人工红树林湿地深度净化的生态处理工艺路线,并在相关研究基础上对各处理单元的关键设计参数进行了总结,得到一组相对较切合实际的设计参数和计算公式。:对虾养殖;废水处理;大型藻类;滤食贝类;红树林湿地:S969.38　　　:A　　　:1007-9580(2010)05-13-06:2010-07-23;:2010-10-09:(1981—),,,。E-mail:[e-mail]:(nycytx-46)　　,,,,[1]。,[2],:、[3-4]N、P;、、[5-6];[7];—[8-9]。Jones[10]、、,、3,,。。1　,13.0hm2,1.8m,40/m2,2～3。3%～5%,,、、,。。5%,487m3/h。(TSS)0.28mg/L160mg/L。TSS80%。[2],、、。、;。,,。1。1　Fig.1　Purificationsystemforshrimpeffluent2　2.1　13《》2010375　[11]。[10],,。,[12-13],,,。。4h,50%[14-15];4h,,,,[15]。,,4h。,q0.113～0.195m3/(m2·h)。,。,,。,35℃。,(Gracilariate-nuistipitatavar.liui)(Gracilarialichev-oides)[16-17]。2.2　,,。(1)。1　Tab.1　Criticalparametersandrelateddesignprocessofecologicalditches　ηTSS-,ηAN-ηTSS-50%～60%＊,ηAN-30%ηTSS-=50%,ηAN-=20%q[m3/(m2·h)]0.113～0.1950.113T(h)44()S(m2)S=Q/qS=4875m2,5000m2h(m)h=q·T0.45H(m)H=h+h,H,0.50～0.60mH=0.45+0.50=0.95m,H0.50mT-(h)T-=S·H/Q9.75vAN-mg/(g·h)0.000171～0.0002750.000223c(g/L)c=cAN·ηAN-/(vAN-·T-)c=25.75g/L,30g/L　　:cAN、cTSS,mg/L;ηAN-ηTSS-TSS。＊4h,q0.113～0.195m3/(m2·h),ηTSS-50%～66.9%。　　,1,TSS50%20%,5000m2;0.45m,4000m2,,。3　3.1　,。,[18-19];,,O2,[20]。,,,。,。14《》2010375　3.1.1　贝类生物滤器　[21],24h93%,。,(Ostrearivularis)(PacificOyster)。3.1.2　大型藻类生物滤器　,、,。,[16],(UlvalactucaL),()。,,,。3.2　,(),TSS。0.0054mg/(g·h)0.00654mg/(g·h),[9],。(2)。2　()Tab.2　Criticaldesignparametersandrelatedengineerindesignofthepondwithfilter-feedingbivalvesandalgae(Accordingtoammoniaremoval)　ηTSS-,ηAN-—ηTSS-=50%;ηAN-=80%vAN--[mg/(g·h)]0.00540.0054c(g/L)1.5～42V(m3)V=[Q·cAN·(1-ηAN-)·ηAN-/(v-·c)]·a,a,1.1～1.5V=11350m3,a1.3SS=V/h,h,1.5mS=V/h=7571m2T(h)T=V/Q,T6～24h23vTSS-[mg/(g·h)]0.0978～0.13750.1375c(g/L)c=[Q·cTSS(1-ηTSS-)·ηTSS-/(vTSS-·T)]/Vc50g/L()13c(mg/L)c=[Q·cAN·(1-ηAN-)·ηAN-/vAN-]/V35　　2,TSS50%80%。,S=11350m2,1.14hm2,1.5m,23h;,2g/L35g/L,13g/L。,1.2hm2,。4　4.1　,,“”,15《》2010375　。[23-24],[25-26],。(TN),[27-28]。,,TN10.6～28.0mg/(m2·d)60.0mg/(m2·d)。TN11.5%～57.7%[2,12],20%,。Halmar[22],13～170g/(m2·h),63g/(m2·h),3.5。TSS。4.2　,TSS。(3)。3　Tab.3　Criticaldesignparametersandrelatedengineerindesignofofconstructedmangrovewetland　ηTSS-ηAN-—ηTSS-=20%ηAN-=30%()1～4/m22/m2()TNvTN-[mg/(m2·d)]10.6～1905.6mg/(m2·h)vTN-=28mg/(m2·h)vAN-[mg/(m2·h]0.088～1.58,TANTN20%0.2333T(h)6～728S(m2)SAN-=Q·cAN-·(1-ηAN-)·(1-ηAN-)·ηAN-/(vAN-·T)SAN-=9306m2,SAN-=10000m2TSSvTSS-13～17063TSSSTSS-STSS-=Q·cTSS·(1-ηTSS-)·(1-ηTSS-)·ηTSS-/(vTSS-·T)STSS-=7738m2SAN-TSSS(m2)SSAN-、STSS-＊S=SAN-=10000m2　　:＊STSS,SAN-≥STSS-,S=SAN-,TSS;,STSS-≥SAN-,S=STSS-。　　3,TSS20%30%。()0.2333mg/(m2·h),HRT8h,1.0hm2;TSS,63g/(m2·h),0.78hm2,1.0hm2,TSS。,0.2hm2,1.0hm2,2/m2。、,3[19]。,,20%～30%,。,。5　,,,。,,、16《》2010375　,、、,,。,,,,。◆[1],,,.[J].,2006(6):68-71.[2],,,.[J].,2008(2):1-5.[3],,,.(Gracilarialemaneiformis)、、[J].,2006,26(10):3225-3231.[4],,,.[J].,2006,36(B05):045-048.[5],,.[J].,2003,27(2):23-26.[6],,.[J].,2001,12(5):765-768.[7],,.[J].,2006,27(4):36-43.[8].-[D]..:,,2005.[9],,,.-[J].,2004,15(6):1030-1034.[10]JONESAB,DENNISONWC,PRESTONNP.Integratedtreatmentofshrimpeff1uentbysedimentation,oysterfiltrationandmacroalgalabsorption:alaboratoryscalestudy[J].Aqua-culture,200l,193(1-2):155-178.[11]HOPKINSJS,HAMILTONRDII,SANDIFERPA,etal.Theproductionofbivalvemollusksinintensiveshrimppondsandtheireffectonshrimpproductionandwaterquality[J].WorldAquaculture,1993,24:74-77.[12],,.[J].,2007,26(3):72-75.[13],,,.[J].,2006,2(5):7-11.[14].[J].,2008,24(10):564-569.[15],,,.[J].,2008,27(3):1173-1176.[16],,,.NH4-N[J]..2001.23(2):109-116.[17],,,.[J].,2005,24(2):150-156.[18],,,.[J].,2003,27(1):50-52.[19],.[J].,2001,25(5):27-29.[20],,,.[J].,2002,23(3):20-25.[21].[D]..,2004.[22]HALMARHALIDE,PETERV.RIDD,ERICL.Petersonb,etal.Assessingsedimentremovalcapacityofvegetatedandnon-vegetatedsettlingpondsinprawnfarms[J].AquaculturalEngineering,2003,27:295-314.[23]SHIMODAFUJIOKASRITHONGC.EffectofwaterexchangewithmangroveenclosuresbasedonnitrogenbudgetinPenaeusmonodonaquacultureponds[J].FisheriesScience,2007,73(2):221-226.[24]PRIMAVERAJH.Integratedmangrove-aquaculturesystemsinAsia[J].IntegratedCoastalZoneManagement,2000,8:121-130.[25]WUY,CHUNGA,TAMNFY,etal.Constructedangrovewetlandassecondarytreatmentsystemformunicipalwastewater[J].EcologicalEngineering,2008,34:137-146.[26]ZHANGJIA-EN,LIUJIN-LING,YINGOUYANG,etal.Re-movalofnutrientsandheavymetalsfromwastewaterwithman-groveSonneratiaapetalaBuch-Ham[J].EcologicalEngineer-ing,2010,36:807812.[27],.[J].,2008,27(1):55-60.[28],,.[J].,2001,2l(2):224-228.17《》2010375　DesignofecologicaltreatmentengineeringformarineshrimpcultureeffluentCHENGGuo-feng1,LIUHuang1,2,WUFan1(1FisherymachineryandInstrumentResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofFisherySciences,Shanghai200092,China;2KeyLaboratoryofFisheryEquipmentandEngineering,MinistryofAgriculture,Shanghai200092,China)Abstract:Withthefastdevelopmentofhigh-densityshrimpfarmingindustryinthecoastalareainchina,thedischargedwasterwaterwithouttreatmentintothesea,broughtseriousenvironmentalpollution.Inconsidera-tionofhighconcentrationsofTSSanddissolvednutrientsinthewastewater,adesignmethodofcomprehen-siveecologicaltreatmentaim