河南省农作物秸秆资源化利用的调查与思考

443河南农业大学学报Vo.l44No.320106JournalofHenanAgriculturalUniversityJun.2010:2009-12-01:(2008ynhz13):,1962,,,,.:1000-2340(2010)03-0352-08吴一平,张力维,崔国强(河南农业大学经济与管理学院,河南郑州450002):作物秸秆是地球上最大可再生生物质资源之一,利用途径广泛.但是长期以来受传统观念和技术条件限制,综合利用程度很低,大量秸秆被丢弃或在田间焚烧,造成了巨大的资源浪费和环境污染.本研究通过对河南省主要农作物秸秆资源化利用的调查分析,找出秸秆资源化利用中存在的问题,并提出对策建议.:河南省;农作物秸秆;资源化利用:F30:AInvestigationandthoughtsonthecomprehensiveutilizationofcropstalkresourcesinHenanProvinceWUYiping,ZHANGLiwe,iCUIGuoqiang(Economy&ManagementSchoolofHenanAgriculturalUniversity,Zhengzhou,450002,China)Abstract:Cropstalksareoneofthelargestrenewablebiomassresourcesintheworld,whicharewidelyavailable.However,duetothelimitionoftraditionalideasandtechnicalhurdlesatpresen,ttheresourceutilizationrateofcropstalksisverylowwithalargeamountofcropstalksburnedorthrownawaycasually,whichhasresultedingreatwasteofresourcesandenvironmentalpollution.OnthebasisofinvestigationontheresourceutilizationofthemaincropstalksinHenanProvince,thepaperanalyzesonproblemsinresourceutilizationofstalks.Thenitputsforwardsomemeasuresinordertosolvetheseproblems.Keywords:HenanProvince;cropstalks;resourceutilization,.,.,.,20078044,t4000.t,,,,,.,,.,,.11.12007()2008().1.2.3:3531.3.6,;3,;,.,2,2,2,100,8048,7963.22.1,,,(1).1Table1ThesamplingsurveyonutilizationwaysofmaincropstalksinHenanProvinceUsageofthecropstalksPlainareasMountainousandhillyareasProducingareasofriceTotal/tAbsolutequantity/%Relativequantity/tAbsolutequantity/%Relativequantity/tAbsolutequantity/%Relativequantity/tAbsolutequantity/%RelativequantityUsedasfeed1999.76.792082.325.93620.219.004702.211.53Usedasfuel1507.45.111897.423.63230.47.063635.18.92Stalksreturnedtofields23568.279.971637.720.39326.19.9925531.962.63Usedasindustrialmaterials688.72.34148.31.8500837.12.05Usedasmaterialsofraisingediblefungus325.91.1132.90.4100358.80.88Usedasmaterialsproducingbiogas531.01.80242.03.0100773.01.90Throwingaway718.12.441255.415.63375.011.492348.65.76Burning132.30.45734.89.151712.452.462579.56.33,1,;,;:.,.,,80%,;,,20%,15.63%9.15%,;(),10%,,11.49%,50%.,,,.2.2,5:1);2);3);4);5).2.2.1秸秆还田10,40766.22,t25531.95,t62.63%.,:,59.73%2.90%.,,,;,35444,.2Table2ThesamplingsurveyonstrawreturnedofmaincropsinHenanProvincetUtilizationpatternAreatypeCropsWheatCornRiceColePeanutLegumeCottonOthersStrawmanurePlains8419.9014753.2300.3099.787.3307.94Mountainousandhillyareas548.39353.0303.760.459.1800Areasofplantingrice62.07076.138.760.05001.35Subtotal9030.5515106.2776.1312.82100.2816.5109.29CompostsPlains102.0768.9000.30102.3401.824.24Mountainousandhillyareas234.61456.3109.290.8419.372.50Producingareasofrice54.020121.321.140.640.5400.04Subtotal390.70525.22121.3210.73103.8219.914.324.26Total9421.2515631.49197.4523.55204.1026.424.3213.55,,,,,,,79%,98%;,,,;(),,,,.,,,,;,,,,9%,38.38%.2.2.2饲料,3.().,,,,.10,,,5.54%,,23.98%18.93%,()20%,30%.,..,,,,.,,,.,0.1%,,..,.,.,1.23%,,,3:355,,,,,,69.8%30.2%.,,,,,,.2.2.3能源,,.,:,,.3Table3ThesamplingsurveyonthemaincropstalksusedasfodderinHenanProvincetUtilizationpatternAreatypeCropsWheatCornRiceColePeanutLegumeCottonOthersSilagePlains3.85340.52002.960.0701.75Mountainousandhillyareas36.10102.45000.2012.3200Areasofplantingrice00000000Subtotal39.95442.97003.1612.3901.75AmmonificationPlains7.809.40000.700.0400Mountainousandhillyareas05.30000000Areasofplantingrice002.0000000Subtotal7.8014.702.0000.700.0400TobefeddirectlyPlains109.83930.3201.40501.9429.5615.9743.60Mountainousandhillyareas701.401015.3804.83168.1731.1405.04Areasofplantingrice36.440523.6410.703.092.08042.21Subtotal847.671945.70523.6416.93673.2062.7815.9790.84Total895.422403.37525.6416.93677.0675.2115.9792.59,3,38.85%,0.06%,1.90%.3,,5.06%6.92%,,23.57%,,47.85%,;;(),16.75%15.08%.2.2.4工业原料,,;.,.3,:2.34%,1.85%,.6,356444Table4ThesamplingsurveyonmaincropstalksusedasenergyinHenanProvincetUtilizationpatternAreatypeCropsWheatCornRiceColePeanutLegumeCottonOthersTobeburneddirectlyPlains174.87625.93022.2973.44193.68399.580.99Mountainousandhillyareas325.901403.12015.8115.7865.0310.0157.41Areasofplantingrice65.060137.5319.260.341.341.071.33Subtotal565.832029.05137.5357.3689.56260.05410.6659.73Solidification&gasificationPlains4.8811.35000.100.2700Mountainousandhillyareas0.303.800000.2300Areasofplantingrice004.0000.1600.240.06Subtotal5.1815.154.0000.260.500.240.06RawmaterialofbiogasPlains161.55368.84000.60000Mountainousandhillyareas101.07138.1100.3001.840.600.12Areasofplantingrice00000000Subtotal262.62506.9500.300.601.840.600.12Total833.632551.15141.5357.6690.42262.39411.5059.91,,3.31%,4.32%,4.86%,1.3%,1%,.2.2.5食用菌原料,,,.,,,,,,,325.92,t,29.93,t7,.33.1,2000,,,,,.,,60%.,,48.92%;55.81%.,3:357,,,,,,,.,,,,.3.2,5Table5ThesamplingsurveyonmaincropstalksusedasindustrialmaterialsinHenanProvincetUtilizationpatternAreatypeCropsWheatCornRiceColePeanutLegumeCottonOthersMaterialofPapermakingPlains524.908.360001.350.300Mountainousandhillyareas127.922.34000000Areasofplantingrice00000000Subtotal652.8210.700000.350.300OthersPlains35.8967.9200048.391.590.04Mountainousandhillyareas16.481.60000000Areasofplantingrice00000000Subtotal52.3769.5200048.391.590.04Total705