环境空气中大气颗粒物源解析的研究进展

::BAC-2-9-2:400039:023-68607647::2001-12-27:(1974-),,,,1,2,1(1.,210094;2.,653100):,:;;:X511:A:1001-2141(2002)03-0055-05StudyProgressonSourceApportionmentofAtmosphericParticulatesinAmbientAirKeChanghua1,JinWengang2,ZhongQin1(1.ShoolofChemicalEngineering,NUST,Nanjing,Jiangsu210094;2.YuxiMunicipalEnvironmentalMonitoringStation,Yuxi,Yunnan653100)Abstract:Thedevelopmentonthereceptormodelingusedtoperformsourceapportionmentofatmosphericparticulatesinambientairwasintroduced.Alsothereceptormodelingsystem,measurementandanalysistechniquesandthemodelingstudymethodswereexpounded.Thecommentsonhotspotandtrendinsourceapportionmentweregiven.Keywords:Atmosphericparticulates,Sourceapportionment,Receptormodeling.1,(TotalSuspendedParticulates,TSP)TSP100Lm,0.1100Lm(PM10),10Lm,(InhalableParticles:IP),PM10[1],TSP()[a](BaP),10Lm,;10Lm,,TSP,,,,,TSP,,(),(SourceApportionment)[2],,,,,22.1[3-5](diffusionmodel);(receptormodel),2070,Miller24320026FriedLander,,,(CMB)(FA)(TTFA),,(),,,(),,,33:(:67818641);20702070CMBTSP,,TSP2080,TSPTSP,CMBTSP,2.2,,,(OM)(SEM),[5-7],,,8,0.08Lm,[8],,X(XRF)X(PIXE)(INNA)(ICP),2.32070,,:,(CMB)(FA)(MLR),2.3.1[3](OM)(SEM)(CCSEM),,,,()2.3.2X(XRD)(trajectoryanalysis)[4]2.3.3,(1)(CMB)[9-14](CMB)(CEB),3:;;,idi(Lgöm3),kiXik(Lgömg),kgk(mgöm3):di=pk=1Xikgk(i=1,2,,m)(1),p;mmm(1)mp,gk,kG:G=gkömi=1gk(2)(2)(factoranalysis,FA)[4515-18]6524,(Blifford):,;ik,k;(aij),,,,:(:65635328);(:68233079);(:65362295);(:68828982);(67737541)xij=mk=1aikfkj+diUi+Ei(k=1,2,,m)(3)(3)xijij(Lgöm3));aijik(Lgömg);fkjkj(mgöm3);Uii(mgöm3);di(Lgömg);Eii;mX=AF+DU+E(4)()xij,,,(4),(principalfactoranalysis,PEA)(targettransformationfactoranalysis,TTFA):hi2,,:Abb(1,0)nnb,nbmbF:TSPj=mk=1Skfkj+E(5)SkTSPE,(5)(3)(enrichmentfactor,EF)[1,3](Gorden)1974,R,iR(XiöXR)R(XiöXR),(EF):(EF)=(XiöXR)(XiöXR)(6)XiXRiR,(Lautzy),10,,;101104,,(4)(multivariatelinearregression,MLR)[3,5,19-21]TSP,TSP,,TSP,TSP:TSP=BX+U(7),X,B,U,(5)(hybridapproach)[3,4,22]1982EPA,,,,,,,,FAMLR(PFA)CMB,(6)IDNN[12,19,23-24]Rahn,,(iterative)(divisive)(non2weighting)(non2overlapping),IDNN753:,,CMBIDNNTSP192324,IDNNCMB,TTFA::023-67633685:400020:130(7)(GeneticAlgorithms,GA)(projectionpursuitregression,PPR),,GAPPR(GA)[25-26]GA,,,3,,CMB(1),GA(1),:minF=1mmi=1pk=1(Xikgk-di)2(8):()()(PPR)[27]:,,,,,,PP(PPR)PPR,,,Gm(Zm):f(x)Mm=1BmGm(Zm)=Mm=1BmGm(pj=1Amjxj)(9):M;Bmm;Zm=pj=1AmjxjGm,PxXAX;AmjAXj(9)AmjBmGmM,,L2=Ey-Mm=1BmGm(pj=1Amjxj2=min(10)(SMART),,xjyPPR,(10)xj,(10)y2.42.4.1,(POM:particulateorganicmatter),,,,,[3,12,22],,PAHs(polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons)PAHs[28-29]2.4.214Cö[3-4]14C,14C,CCO214CB14C,,,2.4.3[1,6-7,30-31],10,,1993,8524Artaxo(scanningnuclearmicroprobe:SNM),20,,OrlicSNM,,1996(scanningelectronmicroscope),2000,(protonmicroprobe),Micro2PIXE,,[7]::023-67633685:400020:130,3,,,,CMB,,,PM10,,,,41,,11:,199012,,11:11:,20001129135.3,,11,1995,15(4):252256.4GordenGE.Receptormodels.EnvironSciTechnol,1980,14(7):792800.5GordenGE.Receptormodels.EnvironSciTechnol,1988,22(10):11321142.6,,11,1996,16(4):488495.7,,11,2001,22(2):51548,,11,1987,7(4):411422.9,,1(TSP)1,2001,21(1):8794.10,,11,1997,16(10):1517.11,1CMBTSP1,1996,18(1):2938.12KowalczykGS,GordenGE,RhelngroverSW.IdentificationofatmosphericparticulatesourcesinWashington,D.C.,usingchemicalelementbalances.EnvironSciTechnol,1982,16(2):7990.13KasaharaMikio,ChoiKum2Chan,TakahashiKanji.SourcecontributionofatmosphericaerosolsinJapanbychemicalmassbalancemethod.AtmosEnviron,1990,24A(3):457466.14DzubayTG,GordonGE,CourtneyWJetal..AcompositereceptormethodappliedtoPhiladelphiaaerosol[J].EnvironSciTechnol,1988,22(1):4652.151(TTFA)1,1995,14(3):1215.16,11,1986,6(2):123130.17HopkePK.Targettransformationfactoranalysisasanaerosolmassapportionmentmethod:areviewandsensitivitystudy.AtmosEnviron,1988,22(9):17771792.18SharmaVK,PatilRS.SizedistributionofatmosphericandtheirsourceidentificationusingfactoranalysisinBombay,India.AtmosEnviron,1992,26B(1):135140.19,,11:,1990.20ChanYC,SimpsonRW,McatinshGH,etal..SourceapportionmentofvisibilitydegradationproblemsinBrisbane(Australia)usingthemultiplelinearregressiontechniques.AtmosEnviron,1999,33(19):32373250.21XhofferChris,BernardPaul,AuweraLudoVanderetal..ChemicalcharacterizationandsourceapportionmentofindividualaerosolparticlesovertheNorthSeaandtheEnglishChannelusingmultivariatetechniques.EnvironSciTechnol,1991,25(8):14701478.22MalmWC,GebhartKA.Sourceapportionmentoforganicandlight2absorbingcarbonusingreceptormodelingtechniques.AtmosEnviron,1996,30(6):843855.23,11,1990,10(1):1725.24,,11,1992,12(1):18.25,11,2000,13(6):1921.26,,11,2000,22(5):5860.(76)953:3,,,,,,,,,,,4111,1991,(6):5166.21BP1,1994,15(5):7577.3,11,1996,15(10):912.4,1.,2001,23(2):3233.5FriedmanJH,TukeyJW.Aprojectionpursuitalgorithmforexploratorydataanalysis.IEEETransoncomputer,1974,23(9):881890.611:,20001(54)8..,1999,15(3):6370.9V.B.GeorgievI.P.IIiev&S.M.Bogdanova..,1999,10.10..,1992,14(4):343711..,2001,22(4):104107.12..,1999,10(3):345349.13..,1999,19(3):257261.14..,2000,19(2):7678.15..(),2000,39(1):8185.16..(),1999,(1):7478.17..(),1996,18(2):131134.18..,2000,13(6):5456.19..,2000,(3):3237.20..,199