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3510201410ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.35No.10Oct.201411111231.1000122.1000843.264003、、.、.、、、.、、、、、..X32A0250-3301201410-4015-16DOI10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.10.0532014-01-252014-04-082013ZX07602-0028632013AA06A2112013090601980~E-mailhongzhenzhang@126.comEnvironmentalDamagesAssessmentEstablishmentofSystemFrameworkinChinaZHANGHong-zhen1WANGJin-nan1NIUKun-yu1DONGJing-qi1CAODong1ZHANGTian-zhu2LUOYong-ming31.CentreforEnvironmentalDamageandRiskAssessmentChineseAcademyforEnvironmentalPlanningBeijing100012China2.SchoolofEnvironmentTsinghuaUniversityBeijing100084China3.YantaiInstituteofCoastalZoneResearchChineseAcademyofSciencesYantai264003ChinaAbstractHealthinjurypropertiescompensationandecologicalandenvironmentaldestructioncausedbyenvironmentalpollutionshavebecomethefocusesofthegovernmentthepublicandthesocietyatpresentinChina.Theexperiencesofdevelopedcountrieshaverevealedthattheenvironmentaldamageassessmentsystemmustbeestablishedthroughdevelopmentofenvironmentaldamageassessmentlegislationstechnologiesandfundingguaranteesystemsuitableforthenation'sconditionsbasedonthespecificenvironmentalsituationandmainissues.Chinahassomeexperienceinmarineecologicalenvironmentfisheryresourcesdamageassessmentforestresourcesdamageassessmentandremediationmanagementofcontaminatedsiteshoweverthemanagingfunctionofenvironmentaldamageassessmentisassignedtodifferentgovernmentaldepartments.Therearealsoshortcomingssuchasfewcasesofenvironmentalpubliccompensationinsufficientenvironmentalprivacydeterminationandcompensationetc.BasedonthemethodsofmaterialsandinformationcollectionsquestionnairesvisitingenvironmentalcourtandgovernmentsectorsinterviewstoassessmentorganizationsandprofessionalslaunchingpracticalassessmentstorelatedcasesandparticipatinginenvironmentalpubliclawsuitsthesituationofenvironmentalpollutiondamagesinChinawasanalyzedtherelatedlegislationandmanagementmechanismwerereviewedthecorrespondingassessmentorganizationsregardingenvironmentaldamagesweresortoutandthefundingsourcesofenvironmentaldamageassessmentwereexplored.AimingatthemainissuesinChineseenvironmentaldamagemanagementastandardandunifiedsystemforenvironmentaldamageassessmentbasedoncurrentmanagingandtechnologicalsystemsisimportanttoimprovethepracticalworkindeterminationassessmentandcompensationofenvironmentalpollutiondamageinChinaandtofurtherexplorethefeasibleenvironmentaldamagequantitativemanagement.Keywordsenvironmentalpollutiondamageassessmentdeterminationorganizationlegalsystemtechnicalguidelinefundingguarantee1.3523.304.20~30..、、..、.1、、、、、1.10100.、1Table1Questionnaireusedforinvestigationofenvironmentaldamageassessmentpractice、①②、、、、③、①②③、、、①、②、、③、④、、①②、③、①②③④⑤610410、、、、、、、、、、.30、、、、、、8、..2、、5.NRDA、ELD、、、467.NRDANRDA.NRDA.NRDANRDA8.NRDA5.、、、、.2.1.、、、.100、、、1991、、、9.CERCLA.CERCLA“”、、、、、、、、、、、、7.CERCLA“”、、、.CERCLA“”5.、38.NRDA2..701956~19681969~19897104352NRDA5Table2DivisionsofNRDAfortheU.S.federalgovernmentsectorsDOCNOAA———DOC、、DOIFWS、NPS、DOI/、DOIDOI、USDADODDOD、、DODDOEDOE、、DOE1990~3.、、.2080.、、...、、.、.、、10.、、、、.、、、、、.2004ELD2004/35/EC2006、2009201311.ELD2010ELD20113.、、12.2008200920112013.2.2、3..8104103LED20136Table3PracticalapplicationsofLEDinEuropeancountriesuntil2013-06ELD、000100——20———111—702007、922008、962009、4820102008、22009、2~4110———、252012—2008——、、4.....、..、13..、..4、、Table4ManagementsofenvironmentaldamageassessmentorganizationsintheU.S.JapanandItaly、、、、ISPRA、2.3、、.、.DOINRDAR、、、410NRDANRDA14.NOAA1992910435、DARRP、、、2315.1981EPA、、423.516.5.2007~2012.、.-、、41、、、、17.80%20%.50%.ELD20082009ELD.2011ELD12.5Table5GeneralfundsofnaturalresourcesdamageassessmentintheU.S.DOI//20120.06312.5969781340920110.0650.74551420014420100.0651.71—6883437720090.6340.40—4118318620080.0620.38—2491439120070.0600.76—15462171318.、.、、、、、、、.、.、、、.、.、6.3.1.、..《》、《》、《》、《》、《》、《》、《》、《》《》.2011《》、.、、.、、、、、、、、.、、020410120435、、、.、、、6.97、、..、.2007、、.2013《201315》.、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、3.、..、、.3.22010、、、.2011、、、、、2004100.2005、.2006.97.、、.、、、、、、、、、、...、、、、//、、、.、.、..、、.、.220410、、.、、.、、、.、、、...、.、、.3.3.....、、...、、、、.4、、.、、..、.、、.、、1.4.1、20..、、、、、3204351Fig.1Systemframeworkofenvironmentaldamageassessment420410.2、.、、、、、21、7.、、、.2Fig.2Responsibilitiesofstakeholdersthroughtheprocessesofacuteenvironmentalincidents4.2、.、、、、、、、、22.、、、、、.、、、.、、、、、..、7.、、、、、、23.、、.、、、、、、、..、520435620410720435、.4.3①、②、、③、④..①②、、③、、、④、、.4.424...、./、、、、、.4.5、、、、、、、、2526..、、、、.、、、、、...、、、、、./、、、.8204105、、、.1、、3..、、.2..“、”《》、、、、、.3、、、、、、、、.4、、、.5、、、、.1.M.2000.2.M.2003.3.J.20133451653-1666.4.J.·2012228172-176.5ValerieALBridgenPJ.ThenaturalresourcedamageassessmentdeskbookAlegalandtechnicalanalysisM.WashingtonDCEnvironmentalLawInstitute2002.6SteinwayDMSeitzJB.NaturalresourcedamagesintheEuropeanUnionJ.EnvironmentalClaimsJournal2008204317-321.7OfiaraDD.NaturalresourcedamageassessmentsintheUnitedStatesrulesandproceduresforcompensationfromspillsofhazardoussubstancesandoilinwaterwaysunderUSjurisdictionJ.MarinePollutionBulletin200244296-110.8.J.2009153171-79.9BurlingtonLB.AnupdateonimplementationofnaturalresourcedamageassessmentandrestorationunderOPAJ.Spill&TechnologyBulletin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