环境微生物技术在处理医院污水中的应用

472200812()JournalofXiamenUniversity(NaturalScience)Vol.47Sup.2Dec.2008:2008210215:(J0630640),(2005YZ1023),(3502Z20073009)3:[e-mail]1,2,1,1,1,23(1.,2.(),361005):,,..,,.,.:;;;;:X172:A:043820479(2008)S220268206,,.,200265,201068[1].,,200328()50,3m3,,72%,58%[2].,[324].,,.1,,..,,.,,10000100000/mL,100010000/mL,1001000/mL.[5].,.,()().358,28,48%.,100010000/L.,100%[5].,80/mL,23800/mL[6].609,15%[7].Giuliani800,13%[8].Jakobsen[9].,,..,,400,5.,300.1989,.,,.1955,68%.1997,,,3[10211].2:269,520,400[12].22.1,,,.:X;,.,...:,,;BODCOD;,,;.222,[13].2.2,:,;;..,.,,..,,;.2003,,,.,.()()().,,,CODBOD.,18,3,,CODBOD555.3%.:[3].25,,SSCOD40%46%[14].,.2.3,,3:,..,,..,,,,.[15216].,,.,,,:,;,,;,,.,.,+270()2008CODcr90%,SS69.3%,BOD595.2%,99%[17].(MembraneBioReactor,MBR).,MBRMBR.MBR,,,:,,SS,;(HRT)(SRT),;,10g/L,,,;,,,;MBR,,.,CODcr90%[18].(BAF).,,,,,.BAF,CODBOD.:.BAFCOD,SS10mg/L;,,,,;;BAF,,1/31/5.,,,.,99.95%,99.99%.99.80%,99.97%[19].,.,,,..(1),.1Tab.1Comprehensivecomparisonofdifferentbiologicaltreatmentprocesses.,,800;800SBR,;,;;,..500..2,,SS;;.,,.300;,.;,;;,.,;.300.,,.CODBOD.,.2:2713,.2060,,[20].1984,,.,,,,.2090.1994,,:,,.1998,,(,),1.2001,,,,.2003,,,.6,,70.,,.8,,.10,,5:1)();2)();3)();4)();5)().10,,.12,,.2004,:;,;,.,,.2005,,,,.2006,,,,;;;.,.2003,,,.,200610,300[4].,6,2003[21].4(WHO),,:,95%;,1/L;,;,.,.WHO.,.WHO,95%,,1/L.,WHO.:.272()2008,,[22].,.,..,,,.,.,,..,,WHO.,[23225].,,.:[1],.[J].,2005,13(6):19-21.[2],.[J].,2006,6(3):108-110.[3].18[J].,2004,15(2):44-45.[4].300..ht2tp://finance.people.com.cn/GB/1037/4947714.html.2006210223.[5],,,.[M].2.:,2004.[6],.[J].,1982,3:24-26.[7].[J].,1993,1:26.[8]Jolibois1B,GuerbetM.Hospitalwastewatergenotoxicity[J].AnnalsofOccupationalHygiene,2006,50(2):189-196.[9]LotteJakobsena,DortheSandvanga,LarsHHansenb,etal.Characterisation,disseminationandpersistenceofgentamicinresistantEscherichiacolifromaDanishuniversityhospitaltothewastewaterenvironment[J].EnvironmentInternational,2008,34(1):108-115.[10].[J].,1999,12(4):62.[11].[D].:,2007.[12]..:.[13]..2003.[14],,.[J].,2008,24(6):66.[15],,,.[J].,2006,22(12):296-299.[16],,,.[J].,2008,33(4):84-87.[17],.[J].,2008,5:53-54.[18].[D].,,2002.[19],.[J].,2003,33(5):646-647.[20],.[J]..2007,33(S):269-272.[21].6.:.[22],,,.[J].,2007,32(3):128-130.[23],,,.[J].,2005,27(3):44-48.[24]TsakonaM,AnagnostopoulouE,GidarakosE.Hospitalwastemanagementandtoxicityevaluation:acasestudy[J].WasteManagement,2007,27(7):912-920.[25]WenXianghua,DingHangjiu,HuangXia,etal.Treatmentofhospitalwastewaterusingasubmergedmembranebioreac2tor[J].ProcessBiochemistry,2004,39(11):1427-1431.(277)2:277TheSeparationandPurificationofE.coliBacteriophageandItsCharacteristicsGUOQiu2ju,TENGJing2hua,XURong2jun,MEIQing2qing,LONGXin2quan,SHENMing2shan3(SchooloflifeSciences,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen361005,China)Abstract:Howtoseparateandpurifycoliphagefromthesewagedrainedfromdailylifewasdiscussed.ThreekindsofphagefromthedailysewageoftheXiamenUniversityandtheXiamenharborwereseparatedenrichedly.Onewasapollywogshapephage,whichhadaheadoficosahedronswithdiameterabout110120nm,aun2contractivetailwithlengthabout220230nmandwidtharound1315nm.Thisphagedoesnthavethestructuresoftailsheath,base2tubeandtailfibersetc.Thesecondwaspollywog2likephage,whichhadacontractivetailwithlengthabout120130nmandwidthabout1822nm,andatriacontahedronheadwithsizeabout70nm110nm.Ithadthestructureoftailsheath,tailtubeandbase2plate.Thiscategorywastheoverwhelmingmajorityofthedaily2lifesewage.Thethirdisashort2tailphagewithanicosahedronheadabout20nm,thelengthofthetailisonly23nm.Thisphagecoveredconsiderableproportioninthedai2ly2lifesewage.Thephageobtainedfromthesewagecouldliveabout56daysinthe-18refrigerator.Thetotalnumberofbacterialinthesewagewasreducedabout30%andtheE.coliwasreducedabout90%.Keywords:E.coli;phage;separation;purification;biologicalproperties(272)ApplicationofMicrobiologicalTechnologyonHospitalSewageTreatmentLIZhi2jiang1,2,ZHANGFang1,LIJiang2wei2,ZhengTian2ling1,23(1.SchoolofLifeSciences,XiamenUniversity,2.StateKeyLaboratoryofMarineEnvironmentalScience(XiamenUniversity),Xiamen361005,China)Abstract:PlentyofhospitalsewageisproducedinChinaeveryyear,whichcontainsvariouspollutants,especiallypathogen.Soitisapo2tentialthreattohumanhealth.Hospitalsewagetreatmentprocessincludespretreatment,biologicaltreatmentanddisinfection.Byusingofac2tivatedsludgeprocess,biologicalcontactoxidationprocess,membranebioreactor,biologicalaerationfilterandotherenvironmentalmicrobio2logicaltechnologies,peoplecouldremoveorganiccompoundseffectivelyinwater,destroythematerialbasethatpathogenicmicroorganismsdependonforexistence,andensuredisinfectioneffect.Everytreatmenttechnologyhasdifferentcharacteristicsandsuitablefordifferentscalehospitals.Keywords:hospitalsewage;activatedsludgeprocess;biologicalcontactoxidationprocess;membranebioreactor;biologicalaerationfilter