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实验室废水处理项目初步设计方案制作单位:二零一六年四月实验室废水处理项目1目录第一章概况····································································································21.1项目概况······························································································21.2编制依据······························································································31.3编制原则·····························································································41.4编制范围·····························································································4第二章废水资料······························································································52.1废水水量·····························································································52.2废水水质·····························································································52.3选择工艺·····························································································62.4工艺流程·····························································································7第三章主要设备参数和构筑物···········································································103.1主要设备及参数···················································································103.2设备间及水电构筑物:···········································································103.3日常维护····························································································10第四章设计范围和运行费用··············································································114.1设计范围····························································································114.2运行费用····························································································11第五章安装调试及技术服务··············································································125.1、安装调试···························································································125.2、质量保证···························································································125.3、售后服务···························································································14实验室废水处理项目2第一章概况1.1项目概况根据公司郑州实验室提供的资料及要求:本公司实验室需要处理的废水为每天仪器清洗所产生的废水;而分析实验过程中及实验后的药品试剂及实验样品将集中外运由废液专业处理机构处理;根据实验室提供水质单如下:1、实验室废水来源:药品、试剂、试液、仪器清洗等所产生的实验室综合废水;2、处理量:2T/D;3、实验室综合废水成分:无机物类、有机物类、生物类废水等;1)、无机物类废水:重金属离子、酸碱PH值、卤素离子及其他非金属离子等;a、重金属离子:汞、镉、铬、铅、锰、银、镍、锌、铜、铝、砷等;b、酸碱PH值:硝酸、盐酸、硫酸、双氧水、氯化钾、氯化钙等;2)、有机物类废水:有机溶剂、石油类、油脂类物质、糖类、蛋白质、多环芳烃、卤代烃、甲苯,苯酚,烷烃、烯烃、酮、醚、酚、醛、有机磷农药等;3)、生物类废水:病原体等;实验室废水处理项目3a、病原体:细菌、病毒、衣原体、支原体、螺旋体、真菌、布鲁氏杆菌,炭疽杆菌等;4.实验室废水浓度:项目处理前单位CODcr1.18×103mg/LBOD800mg/L氨氮23.7mg/L悬浮物26mg/L5.由于该实验室废水设备处理前的进水水质不确定,实验室废水经设备处理后的出水水质由进水情况而定。由于该实验室所排放为仪器洗涤废水等。虽然该废水为含污染物极少的清洗废水但几乎所有的常规分析项目都不同程度存在着废水污染问题。这些废水中成分包罗万象,包括最常见的有机物、重金属离子和有害微生物等及相对少见细菌、毒素、各类农药残留、试剂残留等。这些废水排放到环境中,就会对环境造成严重污染,必须进行处理后方能排入城市管网。受该公司委托,环保科技有限公司承担了该废水处理工程的方案设计工作。1.2编制依据1、参考同类型的实验室废水水质水量资料2、废水处理后的水质指标按《污水排入城市下水道水质标准》执行3、工程设计执行《室外排水设计规范》(GBJ14-87)实验室废水处理项目44、《给水排水工程结构设计规范》(GBJ69-84)5、《给水排水构筑物施工及验收规范》(GBJ141-90)6、本公司所从事同类型废水治理的设计与施工的成功经验1.3编制原则1、选择先进、技术经济合理的处理工艺技术,为工程方案的尽早实施为废水处理站的建设和运行创造良好的条件。2、采取近远期结合的方针,充分发挥建设项目的经济效益,社会效益和环境效益。3、采用高效节能、简便易行的处理工艺,降低工程投资和运行费用。4、设备选型做到合理、可靠、先进。5、按现行有关规定进行投资估算和经济分析。1.4编制范围本设计编制范围:从废水处理设备进水口起到废水处理设备出水口为止。对废水处理站处理工艺进行优化组合和经济技术比较;确定最合适的工艺技术方案实验室废水处理项目5第二章废水资料2.1废水水量根据现有资料和业主提供的数据,该实验室废水来源为:清洗试验试管、器皿所产生废水,该废水处理量为2m3/d。2.2废水水质设计废水进水间歇性排放,水量小、水质波动性较大,腐蚀性及毒性较强。该废水具有以下特征:1a、水量较小b、由于各个检验项目所使用的药品和药剂差别较大PH值变化大c、腐蚀性和毒性强。2另实验室所排放的污水主要有少量多余样品,实验仪器清洗废水等,实验用的药品试剂均需集中外运由专业废液处理单位单独处理。实验室废水处理项目62.3选择工艺对于实验室废水的处理工艺,生物处理的方法效果并不是很好,因为实验室废水是一种成分复杂,变化较大的废水,废水的可生化性一般。物化法的处理效果相对于生化法的处理效果更好,具有明显的优势。物化的方法有很多种,如光化学混凝法、氧化—吸附法、焚烧法、萃取法、湿式催化氧化法、电化学法和膜分离法等。实验室要对各种送检类样本进行化验分析,废水来源主要是实验室的生化及理化实验时清洗仪器的废水,产生的废水以酸碱为主其中还含有各种细菌、微生物等,若未经处理排放,将会污染环境,影响人身体健康。由于该实验室废水在进入废水设备处理前的进水水质不确定,因此,经实验室废水经设备处理后的出水水质由进水情况而定。本案设计采用“中和反应→混凝沉淀→臭氧氧化”工艺流程进行处理。中和反应采用精密计量泵自动精确投加化学药剂,使得出水PH达到工艺要求,在混凝沉淀过程中投加药剂,使重金属离子废水色度、清洁度、阴离子得到极大的改善。臭氧长期以来就被认为是一种有效的氧化剂和消毒剂,采用氧化处理实验室废水反应速度快、无二次污染。能够氧化单独作用时难以氧化降解的有机物。实验室废水处理项目72.4工艺流程事故应急排水实验室污水管网中和反应混凝沉淀臭氧氧化出水污泥浓缩外运工艺说明:1、实验室废水在经过污水管网收集后进入中和池,废水为化验废水,在化验过程中加入的酸碱造成废水PH值很难在去除水中金属重金属离子的水质范围内。所以工艺过程中再用提升泵将废水提升至中和氧化、混凝沉淀池,利用射流的形式进入,在中和氧化反应过程中利用精密的加药泵自动精确投加药剂,进行PH调整以利于金属重金属达到沉淀状态,同时加入药剂进行混凝以利于快速沉淀。2、由于意外事故的发生,如停电或水量在短时间内大量流入等造成设备系统不能正常运行,故在调节中和池上增加一个事故应急排水口。另外,混凝沉淀的污泥经过一段时间的累积影响池内的有效容积需要定期清理,在混凝沉淀池底部增加一个排污口,用阀门控制。定期排放污泥,人工清运。3、臭氧氧化:臭氧作为有效的废水深度处理手段之一,具有氧化能力强,反应速度快,使用方便(包括臭氧的制造,输出和投配等),不产生二次污染等一系列优点。臭氧是强烈的氧化剂,它能氧化多种有机物和无机物,清除对臭氧的高度氧化活性很敏感的毒物,如酚类、苯环类、氰实验室废水处理项目8化物、硫化物、亚硝酸盐、铁、锰、有机氮化合物等;由于对各种有机物的作用范围较广,可以去除其他方法不易去除的COD和TOC等特有的作用。同时可以杀灭抗氯性强的病毒和芽孢去除污水中的色、嗅、味和酚氯等污染物,增加水中的溶解氧,改善水质;臭氧模块主要包括臭氧发生装置、传质强化装置,汽液混合射流装置,电源模块等臭氧在污水处理过程中的具体应用1.工业有机废水和含氰废水--臭氧是强氧化剂,可将有毒污染物转变为无毒物。它处理废水氧化能力强,可分解一般氧化剂难于破坏的有机物,而且反应安全,时间短。剩余的臭氧,可转化为氧,不但无害,而且有益。可用于消毒、除臭除味、除色、除铁锰、除酚、除氰、除洗涤剂、除油等方面。2.对于重油裂解废水,当PH≈11.4时,去氰效率达79.3%;对于电镀废水,含氰浓度为32.5%mg/L,时,去氰率达98.9%;对于腈纶废水,含丙烯腈102mg/1时,采用臭氧处理可完全去除丙烯腈。3.臭氧能分解烃、醛、氰、酚、磷、硫、氮氧化物、硝酸盐等有机物,能去除铁、锰、镁等金属离子。4.含酚废水--包括苯酚、苯三酚、甲酚、二甲酚等。酚可使蛋白质变性,损害肝、肾、神经系统。含酚废水来源于:煤气、焦化、石油精炼、化工、制药、农药、纺织橡胶、染料、木
本文标题:实验室废水
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