现在完成时及其不规则动词

语法一点通现在完成时态语法点拨：现在完成时态基本用法用法（一）：谈论个人经历构成：have/has(助动词）+done(过去分词）例如：Ihaveheardoftheperson.我听说过这个人说明：常常与副词ever,never连用。Ihaveeverheardoftheperson.否定：主语+have/has+not+done....疑问：Have/Has+主语+done...？注意：have/hasbeento与have/hasgoneto用法（二）：表示“某动作从过去一直持续到现在”。（持续的时间用for或since短语表达）构成：have/has+done+for+时间段；have/has+done+since+时间点此时与现在完成进行时态的用法相同。如：HehaswatchedTVforhalfanhour.=HehasbeenwatchingTVforhalfanhour.说明：如果句中动词为非延续性动词，不能直接与for和since的短语连用。如：HehasgottoChengdufor2days.(错）如果把句中gotto变为可持续性动词（be),就可以与for和since的短语连用。HehasbeeninChengdufor2days.(对）他到达成都已经2天了。用法（三）：表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响”。构成：与用法（一）相同。常常与just,already,yet等副词连用。例子：Ihavealreadyeatensupper.我已经吃了晚餐了。（含义：我现在不吃了）Haveyoueatensupperyet?你已经吃过晚餐了吗？（含义：你现在想吃晚餐吗？）说明：副词already常用于肯定句。而yet则用于否定和疑问句。在否定句中常常翻译为“还”。Ihaven’teatensupperyet.我还没吃晚餐。（含义：我现在想吃晚餐）动词过去分词变化规则与不规则变化（一）变化规则：与过去式规则相同。1.一般直接在词尾加上ed。look---looked----looked2.以e结尾的动词，直接加d。move---moved----moved3.以y结尾，y前面是辅音字母的动词，变y为i，再加ed。carry---carried-----carried4.部分动词需双写尾字母，加ed。stop----stopped----stopped（二）不规则变化：不规则动词的变化因词而异。但如对不规则动词的过去式和过去分词做一分析，就可发现其中的“规则”。为方便同学们记忆，现将部分不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词列出并规为五种类型。以便准确记忆。AAB型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文beatbeatbeatenbeatingbeats打败ABC型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文bewas/werebeenbeingis/am是，在…beginbeganbegunbeginningbegins开始blowblewblownblowingblows吹breakbrokebrokenbreakingbreaks破裂、折断choosechosechosenchoosingchooses选择dodiddonedoingdoes做、干drawdrewdrawndrawingdraws画画drivedrovedrivendrivingdrives驾驶drinkdrankdrunkdrinkingdrinks喝eatateeateneatingeats吃fallfellfallenfallingfalls落下flyflewflownflyingflies飞forgetforgotforgottenforgettingforgets忘记getgotgottengettinggets到达、得到givegavegivengivinggives给gowentgonegoinggoes去growgrewgrowngrowinggrows成长hidehidhiddenhidinghides隐藏knowknewknownknowingknows知道了解mistakemistookmistakenmistakingmistakes犯错rideroderiddenridingrides骑ringrangrungringingrings响铃riseroserisenrisingrises升起seesawseenseeingsees看到shakeshookshakenshakingshakes摇动singsangsungsingingsings唱speakspokespokenspeakingspeaks讲stealstolestolenstealingsteals偷swimswamswumswimmingswims游泳taketooktakentakingtakes拿、带throwthrewthrownthrowingthrows扔wakewokewokenwakingwakes唤醒wearworewornwearingwears穿戴writewrotewrittenwritingwrites写AAA型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文costcostcostcostingcosts花费cutcutcutcuttingcuts砍、切、割hithithithittinghits打、撞hurthurthurthurtinghurts伤害letletletlettinglets让putputputputtingputs放置readreadreadreadingreads读setsetsetsettingsets设置、搭建shutshutshutshuttingshuts关闭ABA型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文becomebecamebecomebecomingbecomes成为comecamecomecomingcomes来overcomeovercameovercomeovercomingovercomes克服runranrunrunningruns跑ABB型原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文understandunderstoodunderstoodunderstandingunderstands理解、明白bringbroughtbroughtbringingbrings带来buildbuiltbuiltbuildingbuilds建造burnburned/burntburned/burntburningburns燃烧buyboughtboughtbuyingbuys买catchcaughtcaughtcatchingcatches抓住、赶上dealdealtdealtdealingdeals处理digdugdugdiggingdigs挖feedfedfedfeedingfeeds喂养feelfeltfeltfeelingfeels感觉fightfoughtfoughtfightingfights打架findfoundfoundfindingfinds发现、找到hanghunghunghanginghangs悬挂hearheardheardhearinghears听holdheldheldholdingholds举办keepkeptkeptkeepingkeeps保持learnlearned/learntlearned/learntlearninglearns学习leaveleftleftleavingleaves离开lendlentlentlendinglends借lightlighted/litlightedlightinglights点燃loselostlostlosingloses丢失makemademademakingmakes制造meanmeantmeantmeaningmeans意味meetmetmetmeetingmeets遇见paypaidpaidpayingpays付给saysaidsaidsayingsays说sellsoldsoldsellingsells卖sendsentsentsendingsends送shineshoneshoneshiningshines照耀showshowedshowed/shownshowingshows展示sitsatsatsittingsits座sleepsleptsleptsleepingsleeps睡觉spendspentspentspendingspends花费、度过standstoodstoodstandingstands站、忍受sweepsweptsweptsweepingsweeps清扫teachtaughttaughtteachingteaches教telltoldtoldtellingtells告诉thinkthoughtthoughtthinkingthinks思考winwonwonwinningwins赢得【拓展】一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。如：IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如：Itrainedateightyesterdaymorning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如：---WhendidyougettoknowJack?---Twoyearsago.---Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.---That'sright.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式).如：(1)他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.分析(1)(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示“段时间”的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四