MBA专业术语

石家庄世纪人和管理培训学校倾尽全力传播和创新管理知识Web：：石家庄市中山西路83号东方大厦1430室（东方购物中心西邻）Tel：[phone]MBA专业术语AAbility-to-payprinciple能力纳税原则TheideathattaxesshouldbeleviedonapersonaccordingtohowwellthatpersoncanshouldertheburdenAbsoluteadvantage绝对优势ThecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheirproductivityAggregate-demandcurve总需求曲线Acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthathouseholds,firms,andthegovernmentwanttobuyatanypricelevelAggregate-supplycurve总供给曲线AcurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthatfirmschoosetoproduceandsellatanylevelAppreciation升值AnincreaseinthevalueofacurrencyasmeasuredbytheamountofforeigncurrencyitcanbuyAutomaticstabilizers自动稳定器ChangesinfiscalpolicythatstimulateaggregatedemandwhentheeconomygoesintoarecessionwithoutpolicymakershavingtotakeanydeliberateactionAveragefixedcost平均固定成本FixedcostsdividedbythequantityofoutputAveragerevenue平均收益TotalrevenuedividedbythequantitysoldAveragetaxrate平均税率TotaltaxespaiddividedbytotalincomeAveragetotalcost平均总成本TotalcostdividedbythequantityofoutputAveragevariablecost平均可变成本VariablescostsdividedbythequantityofoutputAccelerator加速数theeffectonGDPoftheincreaseininvestmentthatresultsfromanincreaseinoutput.Forinstance,thegreateroutputleadsafirmtobelievethatthedemandforitsproductswillriseinthefuture;theresultingincreaseininvestmentleadstogrowthinoutputandstillfurtherincreasesininvestment,石家庄世纪人和管理培训学校倾尽全力传播和创新管理知识Web：：石家庄市中山西路83号东方大厦1430室（东方购物中心西邻）Tel：[phone]acceleratingtheexpansionoftheeconomyAcquiredendowments后天禀赋resourcesacountrybuildsforitself,likeanetworkofroadsoraneducatedpopulationAdaptiveexpectations适应性预期expectationsbasedontheextrapolationofeventsintherecentpastintothefutureaggregateexpendituresschedule总支出曲线acurvethattracesouttherelationshipbetweenexpenditures--thesumofconsumption,investment,governmentexpenditures,andnetexports--andthenationalincome,atafixedpricelevelantitrustlaws反托拉斯法lawsthatdiscouragemonopolyandrestrictivepracticesandencouragegreatercompetitionarbitrage套利theprocessbywhichassetswithcomparablerisk,liquidity,andtaxtreatmentarepricedtoyieldcomparableexpectedreturnsadverseselection逆向选择principlethatsaysthatthosewhomostwanttobuyinsurancetendtobethosemostatrisk,butchargingahighpriceforinsurance(tocoverthehighrisk)willdiscouragethoseatlessriskfrombuyinginsuranceatallasset资产anyitemthatislong-lived,purchasedfortheserviceitrendersoveritslifeandforwhatonewillreceivewhenonesellsitassistanceinkind实物援助publicassistancethatprovidesparticulargoodsandservices,likefoodormedicalcare,ratherthancashasymmetricinformation信息不对称asituationinwhichthepartiestoatransactionhavedifferentinformation,aswhenthesellerorausedcarhasmoreinformationaboutitsqualitythenthebuyerautonomousconsumption自主消费thatpartofconsumptionthatdoesnotdependonincomeaveragecosts平均成本thetotalcostsdividedbythetotaloutputaverageproductivity平均产量totalquantitydividedbythetotalquantityofinput石家庄世纪人和管理培训学校倾尽全力传播和创新管理知识Web：：石家庄市中山西路83号东方大厦1430室（东方购物中心西邻）Tel：[phone]BBenefitsprinciple受益原则TheideathatpeopleshouldpaytaxesbasedonthebenefitstheyreceivefromgovernmentservicesBond债券AcertificateofindebtednessBudgetconstraint预算约束ThelimitontheconsumptionbundlesthataconsumercanaffordBudgetdeficit预算赤字AnexcessofgovernmentspendingovergovernmentreceiptsBudgetsurplus预算盈余Anexcessofgovernmentreceiptsovergovernmentspendinbarrierstoentry进入障碍factorsthatpreventfirmsfromenteringamarket,suchasgovernmentrulesorpatentsbasiccompetitivemodel基本竞争模型themodeloftheeconomythatpullstogethertheassumptionsofself-interestedconsumers,profitmaximizingfirms,andperfectlycompetitivemarketsbequestsavingsmotive储蓄的遗产动机peoplesavesothattheycanleaveaninheritancetotheirchildrenBertrandcompetition伯特兰竞争anoligopolyinwhicheachfirmbelievesthatitsrivalsarecommittedtokeepingtheirpricesfixedandthatcustomerscanbeluredawaybyofferinglowerpricesbilateraltrade双边贸易tradebetweentwopartiesboom繁荣aperiodoftimewhenresourcesarebeingfullyusedandGDPisgrowingsteadilyCCapital资本TheequipmentandstructuresusedtoproducegoodsandservicesCapitalflight资本外流石家庄世纪人和管理培训学校倾尽全力传播和创新管理知识Web：：石家庄市中山西路83号东方大厦1430室（东方购物中心西邻）Tel：[phone]AlargeandsuddenreductioninthedemandforassetslocatedinacountryCartel卡特尔AgroupoffirmsactinginunisonCatch-upeffect追赶效应ThepropertythatcountriesthatstartoffpoortendtogrowmorerapidlythancountriesthatstartoffrichCentralbank中央银行AninstitutiondesignedtooverseethebankingsystemandregulatethequantityofmoneyintheeconomyCeterisparibus其它条件相同ALatinphrase,translatedasotherthingsbeingequal,usedasareminderthatallvariablesotherthantheonesbeingstudiedareassumedtobeconstantCircular-flowdiagram循环流向图AvisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholdsandfirmsClassicaldichotomy古典二分法ThetheoreticalseparationofnominalandrealvariablesClosedeconomy封闭经济AneconomythatdoesnotinteractwithothereconomiesintheworldCoasetheorem科斯定理Thepropositionthatifprivatepartiescanbargainwithoutcostovertheallocationofresources,theycansolvetheproblemofexternalitiesontheirownCollectivebargaining集体谈判Theprocessbywhi