七上名词-名词所有格

名词一．名词的分类。名词即表示人或物名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1.专有名词：表示人，地方，机构，事物，组织等专用名词的词。如Jane,China,UN,BBC2.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词个体名词:表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher,student,boy,book,bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A.单数表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。B.复数表示两个或两个以上的物体。集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people,family,class,clothes(2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee,hair,juice,water,rice抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health,happiness,help二．可数名词单数变复数的变化：1.规则变化：1）一般情况直接加-s.如：cat-catsstudent-students2）以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的词，在词尾加-es.如：bus-buseswatch-watches3）以辅音+y结尾，变y为i,再加-es;以元音+y结尾，直接加-s.如：baby-babiestoy-toys4）以o结尾，有生命的加es,无生命的加s.如：potato-potatoesphoto-photos5）以f,fe结尾的，把f,fe变成v,再加es.如：leaf-leavesknife-knives2.不规则变化：1）含man的名词，一般变man为men。如woman-women,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen。2)将oo改为ee.foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese3)在词尾加-en或-ren.child-children,ox-oxen4)单复数同形的有sheep,deer,people,Japanese,Chinese3.“某国人”的复数有三种类型：（1）Chinese,Japanese,Swiss三国人单数复数同形，不需加s；（2）Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman复数要把man变为men；（3）其他各国人以–an,-ian结尾的直接加s。如：Americans,Australians,Indians等。可依照这个口诀记忆：中日不变，英法变，其他”s”加后面【注意】当需要表达名词的单位的量时，用“数词或冠词+计量名词+of+名词”来表示，用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数；然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数。如：onebagofrice.tenbagsofrice.onekiloofapples.tenkilosofapples.练习题：一．写出下列名词的复数形式：leaf______puppy_______box_______knife_______fly______fox______bus______bench_____brush_____kiss______church______dish_____ruler______peach________glass_____pencil________boy______zoo______man______roof_______sheep_______knife______lady______key______story______watch______bamboo______city______family______day_____apple_______eraser______speech______thief______American______fish_____goose____people______ox_____Chinese_______deer_______foot______child_______tooth_______guy________hero_______spy______boss_____monkey______city______Swiss______radio________horse______dog______二．用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1.Therearesomany________(wolf)intheforest.2.Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.3.These_______(tomato)arered.4.______(hero)aregreat.5.Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)6.Therearesome______(deer)eatingthegrass.7.Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).8.Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.9.Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.10.Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.11.Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).12.Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.13.Peterhaseight_____(foot).14.Lindahasthree_______(tooth).15.Therearesome______(child)inthegarden.16.Michaellikesthe______(mouse).17.Therearesome______(goose)intheriver.18.Myuncleandfatherare_____(man).19.TomandKingare_____(boy).20.Lindahasthree______(tooth).三．翻译下列词组。一瓶牛奶__________________________三杯茶_____________________五杯橙汁___________________________六袋米_____________________两片面包___________________________两张纸_____________________四千克鸡蛋________________________一双鞋子___________________名词所有格名词所有格表示“所属”关系，其意义相当于汉语中的“……的”，包括“-’s”所有格和“of”所有格。其构成形式如下：一．-’s所有格：-’s所有格主要用来表示有生命的东西的名词。-’s所有格的构成形式如下：1．单数名词在词尾直接加“’s”。如：Kangkang’sfather康康的父亲2．以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾只加“’”。如：thestudents’book学生用书3.不以-s结尾的复数名词在词尾加“’s”。如：women’sbikes女式自行车4.如果一样东西为两人或几人共同所共有，则在最后一个名词的词尾加“’s”；如果分别属各自所有时，则在各个名词词尾都加“’s”。如：JimandKate’shouse吉姆和凯特的家Mike’sandJack’srooms迈克的房间和杰克的房间二．of所有格：of所有格主要用于表示无生命东西的名词的所有关系，通常用“of+名词”的形式。thedooroftheroom房间的门三．双重所有格：-’s所有格和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系，叫做“双重所有格”。双重所有格一般有以下两种形式：1.of+名词所有格：如Annisafriendofmysister’s.安是我妹妹的一位朋友。2.of+名词性物主代词：如Janeisafriendofmine.简是我的一位朋友。练习。一．选择。1．----How’sJoy’sskirt?----Herskirtismorebeautifulthan________.A.hersister’sandKateB.hersisterandKateC.hersisterandKate’sD.hersister’sandKate’s2．Thisis_______room.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.Lucy’sandLily’sB.Lucy’sandLilyC.LucyandLily’s3.Thisismydress.Thatoneis______________.A.MaryB.Mary’sC.sisterD.mother4.__________mothersmadethemhavepianolessons.A.PeterandAnneB.Peter’sandAnne’sC.Peter’sandAnneD.PeterandAnne’s5.________deskisthecleanestintheclassroom.A.Ann’sandTomB.AnnandTom’sC.AnnandTomD.Ann’sandTom’s6.Whoisthemaninthebluecar?Heis__________father.A.Kate’sandMary’sB.KateandMary’sC.KateandMaryD.ofKateandMary.7.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDayC.Children’sDayD.Children’sday8.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan9.MissGreenisafriendof_______.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary二．翻译。1.__________________________(李明的父母)workinabighospital.2.Thisis__________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)3.__________________________________(双胞胎的卧室)areverynice.4.______________________________(王平和王明的父亲)isahotelmanager.5.Theyare___________________________________(Peter和Sam的老师).6.___________________________(教师节)isonSeptember10th.7.___________________________________(学生们的桌椅)areverynew.8.Weareveryhappyon____________________________________(儿童节).9.Heisin_________________________________(老师的办公室)now.10.Pleaseopen______________________________________(教室的门).11.____________________________(赵敏的鞋)arewhite.12._________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校)isbigandnew.13.________________________________(John和Sally的母亲)areAmerican.14.______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑)isbroken.15.It’s_____