《组织行为学》MBA授课讲义

管理学大师斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯《组织行为学》MBA授课讲义CHAPTER1-INTRODUCTIONTOORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIORCHAPTEROBJECTIVESAfterreadingthischapterstudentsshouldbeableto:1.Defineorganizationalbehavior(OB).2.IdentifytheprimarybehavioraldisciplinescontributingtoOB.3.DescribethethreegoalsofOB.4.ListthemajorchallengesandopportunitiesformanagerstouseOBconcepts.5.DescribehowOBconceptscanhelpmakeorganizationsmoreproductive.6.Discusswhyworkforcediversityhasbecomeanimportantissueinmanagement.7.Explainhowmanagersandorganizationsarerespondingtotheproblemofemployeeethicaldilemmas.8.DiscusshowknowledgeofOBcanhelpmanagersstimulateorganizationalinnovationandchange.LECTUREOUTLINEI.THEFIELDOFORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIORA.Definition1.Organizationalbehavioristhesystematicstudyoftheactionsandattitudesthatpeopleexhibitwithinorganizations.(ppt4)2.Keypartsofthedefinitiona)Systematicstudy(ppt5)(1)Theuseofscientificevidencegatheredundercontrolledconditionsandmeasuredandinterpretedinareasonablyrigorousmannertoattributecauseandeffect.(ppt6)(2)OB—itstheoriesandconclusions—isbasedonalargenumberofsystematicallydesignedresearchstudies.b)Systematicstudyofactions(orbehaviors)andattitudesincludethreeareas:productivity,absenteeism,andturnover.(ppt7)(1)Managersclearlyareconcernedwiththequantityandqualityofoutputthateachemployeegenerates.(2)Absenceandturnover—particularlyexcessivelyhighrates—canadverselyaffectthisoutput.(3)Organizationalcitizenship—discretionarybehaviorthatisnotpartofanemployee’sformaljobrequirementsbutpromoteseffectiveorganizationalfunctioning—isafourthtypeofbehaviorthathasrecentlybeenfoundtobeimportantindeterminingemployeeperformance.(ppt8-9)(4)Organizationalbehaviorisalsoconcernedwithemployeejobsatisfaction,whichisanattitude.(ppt10)(5)Jobsatisfactionisaconcernforthreereasons.(a)Theremaybealinkbetweensatisfactionandproductivity.(b)Satisfactionappearstobenegativelyrelatedtoabsenteeismandturnover.(c)Itcanbearguedthatmanagershaveahumanisticresponsibilitytoprovidetheiremployeeswithjobsthatarechallenging,intrinsicallyrewarding,andsatisfying.c)Systematicstudyofpeoplewithinanorganization(1)OBisspecificallyconcernedwithwork-relatedbehavior.(2)Anorganizationisaconsciouslycoordinatedsocialunit,whichcomprisestwoormorepeopleandfunctionsonarelativelycontinuousbasistoachieveacommongoalorsetofgoals.(ppt11)(3)OBischaracterizedbyformalrolesthatdefineandshapethebehaviorofitsmembers.B.ContributingDisciplines(ppt12)1.Organizationalbehaviorisappliedbehavioralscience.a)Thepredominantcontributingdisciplinesarepsychology,sociology,socialpsychology,anthropology,andpoliticalscience.b)Psychologycontributesmainlyattheindividual/microlevelofanalysis,whereasthelatterdisciplinescontributeonthegroup/macrolevelofanalysis.2.Psychologyisthesciencethatseekstomeasure,explain,andsometimeschangethebehaviorofhumansandotheranimals.a)Psychologistsconcernthemselveswithstudyingandattemptingtounderstandindividualbehavior.b)Contributorsarelearningtheorists,personalitytheorists,counselingpsychologists,and,mostimportant,industrialandorganizationalpsychologists.c)Earlyindustrialpsychologistsconcernedthemselveswithproblemsoffatigue,boredom,andanyotherfactorrelevanttoworkingconditionsthatcouldimpedeefficientworkperformance.d)Morerecently,theircontributionshavebeenexpandedtoincludelearning,perception,personality,emotions,training,leadershipeffectiveness,needsandmotivationalforces,jobsatisfaction,decision-makingprocesses,performanceappraisals,attitudemeasurement,employee-selectiontechniques,jobdesign,andworkstress.3.Sociologystudiespeopleinrelationtotheirfellowhumanbeings.a)Greatestcontributionhasresultedfromtheirstudyofgroupbehaviorinorganizations,particularlyformalandcomplexorganizations.b)Areasofvaluableinputincludegroupdynamics,designofworkteams,organizationalculture,formalorganizationtheoryandstructure,bureaucracy,communications,status,power,conflict,andwork/lifebalance.4.Socialpsychologyisanareawithinpsychology,blendingconceptsfrompsychologyandsociology.a)Itfocusesontheinfluenceofpeopleononeanother.b)Amajorareaofconcern—change—howtoimplementitandhowtoreducebarrierstoitsacceptance.c)Areasofsignificantcontributionsareinmeasuring,understanding,andchangingattitudes,communicationpatterns,thewaysinwhichgroupactivitiescansatisfyindividualneeds,andgroupdecision-makingprocesses.5.Anthropologyisthestudyofsocietiestolearnabouthumanbeingsandtheiractivities.a)Itincludeshumanphysicalcharacter,evolutionaryhistory,geographicdistribution,grouprelationships,andculturalhistoryandpractices.b)Thishashelpedusunderstanddifferencesinfundamentalvalues,attitudes,andbehaviorbetweenpeopleindifferentcountriesandwithinorganizations.6.Politicalscience,thestudyofthebehaviorofindividualsandgroupswithinapoliticalenvironment,isfrequentlyoverlooked.a)Specifictopicsofconcerntopoliticalscientistsincludestructuringofconflict,allocationofpower,andhowpeoplemanipulatepowerforindividualself-interest.II.GOALSOFORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIORA.WhatthreegoalsdoesOBseek(ppt13)B.Explanation1.Seektoanswerwhyanindividualoragroupofindividualsdidsomething.2.Explanationi