动词的时态和语态-课件精编版

动词的时态和语态英语动词共有16种时态，最基本常用的有：现在：过去：将来：一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时，现在完成进行时一般过去时，过去完成时，过去进行时，（过去完成进行时）一般将来时，将来完成时，将来进行时，（将来完成进行时）一般现在时：1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征、能力、客观存在或真理。句中常用always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday等时间状语Tomgoestoworkeveryday.（经常的动作）Themachinerunssmoothly.(特征)Heisveryhappy.(现在的状态)Theearthmovesaroundthesun.(客观真理)一般现在时态的特殊用法：1.在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时态表示将来的动作。I’llgotoseeyouwhenIhavetime.I’llgotoseeyouifIhavetimetomorrow.2.某些动词，如：stand,continue,wish,love,like,hate,feel,find,think等常用一般现在时态Helovesnature.Iwishtobebacksoon.现在完成时态：2.表示过去某一动作对现在造成的影响,谓语动词常为非延续性的动词。1.表示从过去某一时间一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常用延续性的动词。Ihavesathoursintheclassroomreadinganovel.Theweatherhasbeencoldsofarthiswinter.Haveyoueverconsideredmovingtothesouth?Ihavelockedthedoor.现在进行时态：1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。Arethestudentsdancing?Look,someswansareflyingpast!2.表示目前这段时间正在发生的动作。Heiswritinghisnewnovelthesedays.ThoseAmericansarelearningChineseinBeijing.现在完成进行时态：have/hasbeendoing1.表示发生在过去，一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作的连续不停顿。Tomhasbeenworkinghardsincethenewtermbegan.Wherehaveyoubeenlivingtheseyears?2.表示不久前刚结束的动作。Sorry,I’mlate.Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitinghere?补充说明：下列动词没有进行时态：1.表示状态的动词：seem,look(看起来),appear,have(有)，belongto，own,hold(容纳)Thisbookbelongstome.Heappearsveryangry.2.表示知道、信念、理解、知识、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词，如：know,forget,remember,understand,see，think，believe,hope,doubt等Idon’tunderstandwhyhedidit.IhopeIcanpasstheexam.一般过去时态：1.表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,duringthenightHesuddenlyfellillyesterday.Heworkedinafactoryin2004.2.表示过去经常做的动作WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftenhadalongwalkaftersupper.过去完成时态：IhadstudiedinBeijingforthreeyearsbythen.Untilthenhehadknownnothingaboutit.ShehadonlybeenherefortenminuteswhenJimcamein.在时间含义上是“过去的过去”，因此句子中一般都有一个一个明确的状语或状与从句来表示过去的时间。几种常见时态的区别：一般现在时态和一般过去时态：1Hekeepsdoingmorningexercisetokeepfit.Hefeltcoldsohesatclosertothefire.2一般过去时态和现在完成时态：Heopenedthedoor.Hehasopenedthedoor.现在完成时态和过去完成时态：3Hehaslivedheresincehecamehere.Hehadlivedherebeforehewentabroad.一般将来时(will,shall)1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,nextSundayWewillhaveadictationtomorrow.Hewillbebackinafewdays.2.表示一种倾向或一种固有特性或经常发生的动作。意为“惯于，总是”Whenitgetswarmer,thesnowwillstarttomelt.Willyou/Shallwe(I)dosth.请你/让我们做某事，好吗？Willyoupleaseopenthedoor?Shallwegonow?一般将来时的其它形式：2.beto+动词原形:表示按计划将要发生的事，或征求对方意见Wearetotaketheexamnextweek.Arewetogoonwiththiswork?1.begoingto+动词原形：多用于口语中，表示即将发生的事或近期最近打算进行的事It’sgoingtosnow.Thechildrenaregoingtohaveapartytoday.3.现在进行时态：表示按计划即将发生的动作，多于表示以东的动词（come,go,arrive,leave…）连用HeisleavingforLondontomorrow.Christmasisdrawingnear.动词的语态：主动语态：主语是动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者各种时态中被动语态的结构：一般现在时态：一般过去时态：一般将来时态：进行时态：完成时态：含有情态动词的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词was/were+过去分词will/shallbe+过去分词bebeing+过去分词have/has/hadbeen+过去分词情态动词+be+过去分词Wearetoldthattherewillbeameetingthisafternoon.Iwasinvitedtoconcert.Thematterwillbelookedintoassoonaspossible.Thehouseisbeingrepaired.Thenewbridgehasbeenbuilt.Thesebooksmustbereturnedinthreedays.下列情况下常用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者：PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.没有必要指明动作的执行者：Iwasnotborninthiscity.要强调动作的执行者时：Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboywholivesnextdoor.当动作的执行者不是人时：Wewereshockedbythenewsofhisdeath.使用被动语态时应注意的重点：1.只有及物动词才有被动语态Hewassurprisedbythenews.Hewascome.2.除了含双宾语的动词外，一般动词的被动语态行时不带宾语。Theywillbegivenmoretimetofinishthework.ThenovelwaswrittenbyDickens.练习用所给动词的正确形式填空：1.She_____(leave)theofficetwohoursago.2.Assonasshearrivedhome,thegirldiscoveredthatshe___________(take)herfriendsbookbymistake.3.Who________(come)toschoolearliestinyourclasseverymorning?4.Greatchanges________________(takeplace)inthiscitysince1979.5.Bythetimehewastwelve,Edison__________(begin)tosellnewspapers.lefthadtakencomeshavetakenplacehadbegun6.Heusuallylistenstotheradio,butnowhe___________(watch)TV.7.Bytheendofthiscentury,we____________(build)ourcountryintoastrongmodernone.8.Theman___________(hope)tocatchthelasttrain,buthewastoolate.9.Theboys______________(play)basketballfrom5:00to6:00yesterday.10.---Haveyouseenthatwonderfulfilm?---No,I_______(see)itnextMonday.willseewereplayinghadhopedhadbuiltiswatching11.Asshe_____________(read)thenewspaper,Grannyfellasleep.12.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;he____________(stare)intospacethen.13.Shirley__________(write)abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.14.Visitors________(ask)nottotouchthethingsontheshelf.15.Theproblems___________________(discuss)now.wasreadingwasstaringwaswritingareaskedarebeingdiscussed2.完成下列句子：1.Bytheendoflastyear,_____________________________________________(她在这间小屋里住了10年)。2.We_________________(在看电视)ateightyesterdayevening.3.---Howoftendidhegothere?---Heusually_____________________(一星期去那里两次).4.I_________________(弄丢了我的钢笔),Ihavetouseapencil.shehadbeenlivinginthishousefor10yearswerewatchingTVwenttheretwiceaweekhavelostmypen5.Mr.Smith________________________(2：00就来了)。6.Mr.Johnson______________________________________(一直教了五十年化学)eversincehegraduatedfromuniversity.7.Mr.Johnson______________________________________(一直教了五十年化学)untilheretired.8.I________________(更努力地学习)tocatchupwithmyclassmates.hasbeenheresince2:00.hastaughtchemistryfo