(完整版)中考英语语法专项一名词讲解及习题

中考语法专项一名词1.名词的数可数名词——一般是个体名词，如aboy(一个男孩)，集体名词afamily(一个家庭)，可数名词在句子中必须有头或是有尾，头就是a，one，an或物主代词；尾就是复数形式。规则复数变化形式：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音或原音后读/z/book→bookskey→keys以o结尾的表示有生命的名词加-es读/z/tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoes以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的名词加-es读/iz/bus→buseswatch→watchesbox→boxes以ce，se，ze，（d）ge等结尾的名词加-s读/iz/case→casesorange→oranges以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变y为i，再加-es读/z/family→familiesparty→parties以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v，再加-es读/z/knife→knivesleaf→leaves不规则复数变化形式：变内部元音字母foot-feet,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,man-men词尾加enchild-children,ox-oxen单复数同形fish,sheep,deer,means,Chinese,yuan,jin,li特殊的复数形式:1）集体名词：集体名词不能运用具体的数字修饰，下面的集体名词，不能用a，one，two等修饰，只能在其前加the表示“全体……”。thepolice警察(指全体警察)theEnglish英国人(指全体英国人)theFrench法国人(指全体法国人)2）复合名词awomanteacher—womenteachers女教师anEnglishman—Englishmen英国男子agrown-up—grown-ups成人abrother-in-law—brothers-in-law内兄、内弟、小叔、大伯2.不可数名词专有名词：NBA全美篮球协会MichaelJackson迈克杰克逊theWestLake西湖物质名词：液体：milkwaterteacoffeejuiceoil(油)肉类：beefchickenmuttonpork天气：weatherrainsnowwindlight光其他：news(新闻，消息)bread(面包)抽象名词：funloveluckdutykindness善良happiness幸福progress进步【注意】有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。tea—differentkindsofteas不同种类的茶food食品—allkindsoffoods各种各样的食品fruit水果—allkindsoffruits各种各样的水果glass玻璃—aglass一个玻璃杯—glasses眼镜、玻璃杯不可数名词量的表示法acup/bag/piece/bottle/glass/slice.....apairof3.【名词的格】1)．表示有生命的东西的名词所有格。①一般在单数或复数名词后加－'s。如：Tom'schair；thechildren'sbedroom②以－s结尾的复数名词后直接加“'”。如：thestudents'readingroom③并列名词表示各自所属时，在两个名词之后都加’s；表示共同所属时。在最后一个名词后加's。如：TomandMike'sfather汤姆和迈克的父亲(俩人共有的父亲)Tom’sandMike’sfathers汤姆的父亲和迈克的父亲（俩人各自的父亲）④表示店铺，某人的家，私人开的诊所、餐馆等，其所有格后的名词(如shop等)可以省略。如：atTom’s在汤姆家里atthetailor's在裁缝店atachemist's在药店2)．表示无生命的东西的名词的所有格，常常用“of+名词”的形式。如：thecoversofthebook(s)书的封面aphotoofmyfamily一张我家的全家福注意：①表示有生命东西的名词，如果名词较长或名词的定语较长．也可用“of+名词”的形式。如：theworksofLuXun,LaoSheandMaoDunthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国的成立②表示时间、距离、集体、城市、国家、团体、机构及某些惯用语中的名词，可用－'s。如：yesterday'snewspaper昨天的报纸fiveminutes’drive开车五分钟的路程③of短语所表示的是修饰名词的具体内容或材料。如：amapoftheworld世界地图aringofgold金戒指④某些习惯用法中of短语不能替换's结构。如：teachers'office教师办公室children'sbook儿童读物中考英语试题对名词的考查重点是：1.可数名词与不可数名词；2.可数名词的复数变化；3.不可数名词量的表示法；4.名词所有格；5.名词作定语；6.在特定的语境中考查名词词义。4、名词作定语[中考引路]—Howmany____teachersarethereinyourschool?—____them______overtwohundred.D.women;Anumberof;are[用法详解]名词用作定语时，通常用其单数形式。例如：afootballplayer一名足球运动员；manybananatrees许多香蕉树但是常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时要用复数形式。例如：asportsmeet一场运动会；aglassesstore一家眼镜店man，woman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，须随所修饰名词的数而定。例如：amandoctor一名男医生；twowomenteachers两名女教师5、在特定的语境中考查名词词义[中考引路]1.—Wouldyoupleasepassmesomethingtodrink?—Whataboutsome______?A.beefB.fishC.juiceD.bread2.—Mrs.WangwassenttoteachEnglishinapoormountainvillagelastyear.—Shesaidshewouldneverforgetsomepleasant______whileworkingthere.A.experimentsB.expressionsC.experiencesD.emotions练习一．名词（可数名词与不可数名词、名词的复数形式、名词的所有格）典型题练习：l.-Whatagood___________you'vegivenme!Thanksalot.-Mypleasure.A.informationB.newsC.suggestionD.advice2.TherearemillionsofwebsitesontheInternetandthere______alotofuseful____onthewebsites.A.are;informationsB.are;informationC.is;informationD.is;informations3.-Canyouimagine____greatprogressinyourstudywithnoplan?-lfyoufailtoplan,youplantofail.Successdoesn'thappenlikemagic.A.tomakeB.makingaC.makingD.tomakea4.Thethemeparkisabout______ridefromthemuseum.Youshouldstartoutrightnow.A.twohourB.twohour'sC.twohours'D.twohours5.Hethoughtthepaintingwasoflittle,soheletmehaveitforonlytenpounds..A.costB.priceC.valueD.money6.-Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?-_________.A.Inthreedays'B.AfterthreedaysC.Inthreedays'timeD.Afterthreeday'stime7.Britishpeopleeat______alot,andtheyareusuallycookedindifferentways.A.chickenB.beefC.fishD.potatoes8.Themusicmademethinkofthe____ofarunningstream.A.shoutB.noiseC.voiceD.sound9.-Oh,myGod!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?-I'mafraidwehaveno___buttotakeataxi.A.choiceB.decisionC.reasonD.information10.-Couldyoutellmethe______ofmakingsuchtastycakes?-Well,Ijustfollowtheinstructionsinthecookbook.A.timeB.methodC.costD.menu11.Couldyoutake____forthese______?Theyareverybeautiful.A.anyphotos;tomatoesB.somephotos;tomatoesC.somephotos;tomatosD.anyphotos;tomatos12.Thetwocitieshavereachedan____todevelopscienceandtechnology.A.educationB.excitementC.agreementD.invention13.It'syour_____asateachertoprotectyourstudents.A.dutyB.hobbyC.habitD.manner14.-Oh,dear!Thereisn'tenough___forusinthelift.-Nohurry.Let'swaitforthenext.A.floorB.seatC.roomD.ground15.-Judy,Iguessyouareonlytwenty-fiveyearsold,isthattrue?-Oh,it'sa________.A.suggestionB.secretC.reasonD.problem16.Jennifertakesalotofexerciseeverydayandsheisalwaysfullof____.A.knowledgeB.energyC.changeD.courage17.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike'sfarmandsawmany______there.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit18.I'mgoingtothesupermarkettobuysome____thisafternoon.A.paperandpencilB.applesandbananaC.milkandeggsD.bowlandspoons19.-Whyareyoulate,Jim?-Becausethere_____alotoftrafficwhenIcamehere.A.isB.areC.wasD.were20.Noneofthemtalked.Theyfinishedtheirmealin_______.A.silenceB.orderC.placeD.public21.-Findinginformationisnotabigdealtoday.-Well,the______ishowwecantellwhethertheinformationisusefulornot.A.courageB.messageC.challengeD.k