英语合成词

构词法三种方式:派生法、转化法、合成法。派生法(affixation)指在词上附加前缀或后缀,构成新词。形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able,-ible,movable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible2)-al,natural,additional,educational3)-an,-ane,urban,suburban,republican4)-ant,-ent,distant,important,excellent5)-ar,similar,popular,regular1.表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker,non-violentin-inactive,inhuman,indirectdis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossibleil-illegalir-irregularI.前缀(prefix)：2.表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misjudge,misdirect(误导)3.表示向背的前缀:pro-pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-antiwar,anti-Japanesewar4.表示程度、大小的前缀super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirt,minicarunder-underground,underdevelopsemi-semicircle,semiskilled,semisteel5.表示时间的前缀pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforcast6.表示方位的前缀：sub-subway,submarineinter-international,intercity,interclasstrans-translate,transatlanticII.后缀：不改变词根的基本意义,而是改变了词性。1.动词变名词：-ationsatisfaction,education,realization-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment-alarrival,refusal-eetrainee,employee-erteacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor2.形容词变名词：-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility-ismMarxism,criticism3.名词、形容词变动词：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-enquicken,widen,sharpen4.名词变形容词：-ywindy,rainy,sandy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful1.TheChicagoBullsarenotas________astheywerewhenMichaelJordanplayedforthem.2.WhenYaoMinghurthishead,itwasvery______.powerfulpainful用所给词的正确形式完成下列句子。beautycarehopepainpowerwonder3.Hehadtobevery______whenheplayedaftertheaccident.4.Thefansareall_______thattheteamwilldowellthisyear.5.It’sterriblewhenwelose,butit’s_________whenwewin.carefulhopefulwonderful根据句意用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Thereissome_________(possible)thatourteamwillwinthebasketballmatch.2.Wemusttakemeasurestopreventfactoriesfromsendingout________(poison)gasesintotheair.3.Tomy_____________(disappoint),hefailedtopassthecollegeentranceexamthisyear.possibilitypoisonousdisappointment4.Itismuchmore_____________(comfort)totravelbyairthanbyship.5.Itwasbecauseofhis___________(care)thatthecaraccidenthappened.6.Shehaddonesomethingwrongandtoldusshewas______(true)sorryaboutit.comfortablecarelessnesstruly7.Onhis________(arrive)attheairport,hereceivedawarmwelcomefromtheteachersandstudents.8.Manyofhisanswersare________(correct),sotheteacheraskedhimtodotheexercisesagain.9.Shewasgoingtotakepartintheparty,butan___________(expected)guestdroppedinonher.arrivalincorrectunexpected10.Themeetingsupposedtobe__________(success)turnedouttobeafailureintheend.successful将下列单词加前缀或后缀派生出一个新词。1.argue2.spoon2.3.advantage3.4.polite4.5.pleasant5.6.attract6.7.sleepargumentspoonfuldisadvantageimpolite/politelyunpleasant/pleasantlyattractive/attractionasleep/sleepy/sleepless8.courage9.discuss10.visitencourage/encouragementdiscussionvisitor英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词,大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①);有时意思有一定变化(如下②);有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如：Conversion转化词①Let’sgooutforawalk.我们到外面去散散步吧。②Heisamanofstrongbuild.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。③Let’shaveaswim.咱们游泳吧。2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如：①Didyoubookaseatontheplane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②Pleasehandmethebook.请把那本书递给我。③Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。④Welunchedtogether.我们在一起吃了午餐。3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：Murderwillout.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如：Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。1)Chamberlainaveragedover50pointsagameforandentireseason.AveragedisaverbdescribingwhatChamberlaindid.2)Duringthistime,hisaveragewasmorethan30pointsagame.Averageisanountellinguswhatwearetalkingabout.I.Readthesentencesandanswerthequestions.3)Jordanwasthesecondplayertoscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason.Scoreispartof“toscore”theinfinitiveoftheverbtellinguswhatJordandid.4)Thefinalscorewas169-147.Scoreisanountellinguswhatwearetalkingabout.a)What’sthedifferenceinthewayaverageandscoreareusedinthesesentences?b)Doesthemeaningofthewordschangewhentheyareuseddifferently?No,itdoesn’t.II.Rewritethesentencesandtellthedifferencesbetweenthem.1.TheChicagoBullswontheirfirstchampionshipin1991.Therewasafirstchampionship____fortheChicagoBullin1991.win2.Jordansurprisedeveryonewhenheretired.Itwas_________foreveryonewhenJordanretired.3.Theychangedtherulesofthegametotrytostophim.Therewas________intherulestotrytostophim.asurpriseachange1.Alotofyoungboys_______aboutplayingintheNBA.2.The______ofthegamewasincredible---169-147.dreamresultIII.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.dreamquestionresultstarwork3.MichaelJordanwasthebiggest___oftheChicagoBullsformanyyears.4.Myuncle______asatrainerfortheShanghaiSharks.5.Theteacheroftenasksus_________aboutbasketball.starworkedquestionsIV.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.1.He_____hisarmpla